Answer:
Mitochondria are abundantly present in mammalian cells. Their fraction varies from tissue to tissue, ranging from <1% (volume) in white blood cells to 35% in heart muscle cells. However, mitochondria should not be thought of as single entities, but rather a dynamic network that continuously undergoes fission and fusion processes. In skeletal muscle, mitochondria exist as a reticular membrane network. The subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria are located in distinct subcellular regions, and they possess subtle differences in biochemical and functional properties that are characterized by their anatomical locations. SS mitochondria lie directly beneath the sarcolemmal membrane and the IMF mitochondria are located in close contact with the myofibril. Their different properties are likely to influence their capacity for adaptation. SS mitochondria account for 10-15% of the mitochondrial volume and this population has been shown to be more susceptible to adaptation than the IMF mitochondria. However, the IMF mitochondria were found to have higher rates of protein synthesises, enzyme activities and respiration (1).
Explanation:
Some potential energy was converted into thermal energy due to friction. The acceleration due to gravity became smaller as the box slid down the ramp.
By Pleistocene ice age is meant the glacial periods that appeared in the Pleistocene. The Pleistocene is the first epoch of the Quaternary. It is an epoch when there was a so called ''ice age'' on the Earth, or rather a glacial period. During this ice age the planet had much lower temperatures on a global scale. The climate was also much drier. Lot of ocean water was frozen in the ice sheets that were stretching deep into the North American and Eurasian continents, which resulted in much lower sea levels that today as well. The places further north than 40 degrees of latitude were almost exclusively covered with ice, so life was almost impossible apart from some coastline places.
Answer:
a) IUPAC Names:
1) (<em>trans</em>)-but-2-ene
2) (<em>cis</em>)-but-2-ene
3) but-1-ene
b) Balance Equation:
C₄H₁₀O + H₃PO₄ → C₄H₈ + H₂O + H₃PO₄
As H₃PO₄ is catalyst and remains unchanged so we can also write as,
C₄H₁₀O → C₄H₈ + H₂O
c) Rule:
When more than one alkene products are possible then the one thermodynamically stable is favored. Thermodynamically more substituted alkenes are stable. Furthermore, trans alkenes are more stable than cis alkenes. Hence, in our case the major product is trans alkene followed by cis. The minor alkene is the 1-butene as it is less substituted.
d) C is not Geometrical Isomer:
For any alkene to demonstrate geometrical isomerism it is important that there must be two different geminal substituents attached to both carbon atoms. In 1-butene one carbon has same geminal substituents (i.e H atoms). Hence, it can not give geometrical isomers.
Answer:
2 H₃PO₄(aq) + 3 Ba(OH)₂(aq) ⇒ Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6 H₂O(l)
Explanation:
Let's consider the unbalanced equation that occurs when phosphoric acid reacts with barium hydroxide to form water and barium phosphate. This is a neutralization reaction.
H₃PO₄(aq) + Ba(OH)₂(aq) ⇒ Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + H₂O(l)
We will balance it using the trial and error method.
First, we will balance Ba atoms by multiplying Ba(OH)₂ by 3 and P atoms by multiplying H₃PO₄ by 2.
2 H₃PO₄(aq) + 3 Ba(OH)₂(aq) ⇒ Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + H₂O(l)
Finally, we will get the balanced equation by multiplying H₂O by 6.
2 H₃PO₄(aq) + 3 Ba(OH)₂(aq) ⇒ Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6 H₂O(l)
