Do anyone know how to do question B
1 answer:
Answer:
a) IUPAC Names:
1) (<em>trans</em>)-but-2-ene
2) (<em>cis</em>)-but-2-ene
3) but-1-ene
b) Balance Equation:
C₄H₁₀O + H₃PO₄ → C₄H₈ + H₂O + H₃PO₄
As H₃PO₄ is catalyst and remains unchanged so we can also write as,
C₄H₁₀O → C₄H₈ + H₂O
c) Rule:
When more than one alkene products are possible then the one thermodynamically stable is favored. Thermodynamically more substituted alkenes are stable. Furthermore, trans alkenes are more stable than cis alkenes. Hence, in our case the major product is trans alkene followed by cis. The minor alkene is the 1-butene as it is less substituted.
d) C is not Geometrical Isomer:
For any alkene to demonstrate geometrical isomerism it is important that there must be two different geminal substituents attached to both carbon atoms. In 1-butene one carbon has same geminal substituents (i.e H atoms). Hence, it can not give geometrical isomers.
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Answer :
The correct answer for primary component of phosphate buffer at pH = 7.4 is H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ .
<u>Buffer solution :</u>
It is a solution of mixture of weak acid and its conjugate base OR weak base and its conjugate acid . It resist any change in solution when small amount of strong acid or base is added .
<u>Capacity of a good buffer : </u>
A good buffer is identified when pH = pKa .
From Hasselbalch - Henderson equation which is as follows :
If [A⁻] = [HA] ,
pH = pka + log 1
pH = pKa
This determines that if concentration of weak acid and its conjugate base are changed in small quantity , the capacity of buffer to maintain a constant pH is greatest at pka . If the amount of [A⁻] or [HA] is changed in large amount , the log value deviates more than +/- 1M and hence pH .
Hence Buffer has best capacity at pH = pka .
<u>Phosphate Buffer : </u>
Phosphate may have three types of acid-base pairs at different pka ( shown in image ).
Since the question is asking the pH = 7.4
At pH = 7.4 , the best phosphate buffer will have pka near to 7.4 .
If image is checked the acid - base pair " H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ has pka 7.2 which is near to pH = 7.4 .
Hence we can say , the primary chemical component of phosphate buffer at pH = 7.4 is H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ .
