Answer:
I'm a bit confused on where the question is. Perhaps re-write it in the comments? I'd love to help but this seems more like an answer than a question xD
Explanation:
2HCO3 - + Ca2+ CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Bicarbonate (HCO3-) combines with calcium ions in the water to make calcium carbonate (CaCO3, limestone). This process can occur both within organisms such as corals or as a simple chemical reaction in the water itself.
Answer:
No more than 0.1 mL of hydrochloricton acid
Your question isn't quite clear, but if you're wondering if a chemical is polar or non-polar, you simply draw a VSEPR sketch and draw arrows where the bonds are. Only draw arrows between atoms, NOT between an atom and a lone pair of electrons. The arrow should point to the most electronegative atom (you should be given an electronegativity scale). Afterwards, you add up the arrows as vectors, and look at the sum of the vectors. If the sum is zero (CH4 is a good example), the chemical is non-polar. If the sum is a vector, the chemical is polar (H2O, or water, is polar).
Probably, above 100 Degree Celsius.
