Which one of Steno’s principles is responsible for the thin undisturbed layers found in the Grand Canyon?

What is restriction enzymes and what is it’s purpose?

Eddi Din [679]

Answer: Endonuclease enzymes used in molecular biology that cut DNA at specified points.

Explanation:

Enzymes are specific protein types which bind to a substrate within a reaction, to increase the rate of reaction within the solution- they speed up the rate of reaction.

Restriction enzymes are bacteria-derived enzymes; these make cuts on deoxyribonucleic acid molecules or DNA. These are also called restriction endonucleases. They are utilized in molecular biology for DNA cloning and sequencing and cut DNA into smaller pieces called fragments.

Restriction enzymes make directed cuts on DNA molecules. They precisely target sites on DNA to produce mostly identical or homogenous, discrete fragments of equal sizes, producing blunt or sticky ends. In order to do this, they recognize sequences of nucleotides that correspond with a complementary sequence on the endonuclease called restriction sites.

There are several kinds that may require cofactors (chemical or metallic compounds that aid in enzyme activity) :

Type I: cleave far away from the recognition site; require ATP and SAMe S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine

Type II: cleave near to the site; require Magnesium

Type III: cleave near to the site; require ATP which is not hydrolysed but SAMe S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine is optional

Type IV: cleavage targeted to DNA that have undergone post transcriptional modification through certain types of methylation (addition of a methyl group)

7 0

2 years ago

The pH of a saturated solution of a metal hydroxide MOH is 10.15. Calculate the Ksp for this compound.

Airida [17]

Answer:

$Ksp=2.00x10^{-8}$

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since the pH of the given metal is 10.15, we can compute the pOH as shown below:

$pOH=14-pH=14-10.15=3.85$

Now, we compute the concentration of hydroxyl ions in solution:

$[OH^-]=10^{-pOH}=10^{-3.95}=1.41x10^{-4}M$

Now, since this hydroxide has the form MOH, we infer the concentration of OH- equals the concentration of M^+ at equilibrium, assuming the following ionization reaction:

$MOH(s)\rightarrow M^+(aq)+OH^-(aq)$

Whose equilibrium expression is:

$Ksp=[M^+][OH^-]$

Therefore, the Ksp for the saturated solution turns out:

$Ksp=1.41x10^{-4}*1.41x10^{-4}\\\\Ksp=2.00x10^{-8}$

Best regards!

4 0

2 years ago

1 lb of CO2 occupies 0.6 ft^3 at a pressure of 200 psi. Determine the temperature of the system.

Anarel [89]

Answer: The temperature of the system is 273 K

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

$\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}$

Given mass of carbon dioxide = 1 lb = 453.6 g (Conversion factor: 1 lb = 453.6 g)

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$\text{Moles of carbon dioxide}=\frac{453.6g}{44g/mol}=10.31mol$

To calculate the temperature of gas, we use the equation given by ideal gas equation:

PV = nRT

where,

P = Pressure of carbon dioxide = 200 psia = 13.6 atm (Conversion factor: 1 psia = 0.068 atm)

V = Volume of carbon dioxide = $0.6ft^3=16.992L$ (Conversion factor: $1ft^3=28.32L$ )

n = number of moles of carbon dioxide = 10.31 mol

R = Gas constant = $0.0821\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}$

T = temperature of the system = ?

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$13.6atm\times 16.992L=10.31mol\times 0.0821\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}\times T\\\\T=273K$

Hence, the temperature of the system is 273 K

8 0

3 years ago

PLEASE HELP WITH THESE!! I’m stuck

ludmilkaskok [199]

3. B
4. A
5.A
6. A (i think)
Hope this helps

4 0

2 years ago

\"Moving down group 2A (Alkaline Earth Metals), which element has the largest first ionization energy?\" Is the answer to this:

lesya692 [45]

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from one mole of gaseous atom to produce 1 mole of gaseous in to produce a charge of 1. The greater the ionization energy, the greater is the chance f the electron to be removed from the nucleus. In this casse, Radium has the largest ionization energy.

6 0

2 years ago