One way of knowing that oxygen was the gas removed from the volume of air and not another is to know what the volume of air is made of first. When the composition of the volume of air is already identified, then next would be the process of separating these elements from each other and as to which is to be separated first. This would usually lead to knowing their masses, their boiling and freezing points, the temperatures at which they condense, and so on. This is to identify their differences to each other and use those differences to successfully separate those elements to each other.
Answer:
In conclusion, the net ionic equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is CaCO3 solid plus two H+ aqueous react to form Ca2+ aqueous plus CO2 gas plus H2O liquid.
Atomic mass Calcium ( Ca) = 40.078 u.m.a
40.078 g --------------- 6.02x10²³ atoms
187 g ------------------- ??
187 x ( 6.02x10²³) / 40.078 =
1.125x10²⁶ / 40.078 = 2.808x10²⁴ atoms
hope this helps!
4 elements are classified in group 4 like titanium, zirconium, hafnium and ruthorfordium
