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Answer:
The rule for kilometers is that every three seconds between a lightning flash and the following thunder gives the distance to the flash in kilometers.
Explanation:
In order to use the rule of thumb to find the speed of sound in meters per second, we need to use some conversion ratios. We know there is 1 mile per every 5 seconds after the lightning is seen. We also know that there are 5280ft in 1 mile and we also know that there are 0.3048m in 1ft. This is enough information to solve this problem. We set our conversion ratios like this:
notice how the ratios were written in such a way that the units got cancelled when calculating them. Notice that in one ratio the miles were on the numerator of the fraction while on the other they were on the denominator, which allows us to cancel them. The same happened with the feet.
The problem asks us to express the answer to one significant figure so the speed of sound rounds to 300m/s.
For the second part of the problem we need to use conversions again. This time we will write our ratios backwards and take into account that there are 1000m to 1 km, so we get:
This means that for every 3.11s there will be a distance of 1km from the place where the lightning stroke. Since this is a rule of thumb, we round to the nearest integer for the calculations to be made easily, so the rule goes like this:
The rule for kilometers is that every three seconds between a lightning flash and the following thunder gives the distance to the flash in kilometers.
The relationship between the masses of the object and the gravitational force between them is a direct relationship
Explanation:
The gravitational force between two objects is given by the equation:
where
is the gravitational constant
m1, m2 are the masses of the two objects
r is the separation between them
We observe that:
- The gravitational force is proportional to the masses of the two objects, m1 and m2, so if the masses increase, the force will increase as well (so, this is a direct relationship)
- The gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the separation between the objects, so if the distance is increased, the force will decrease (so, this is an inverse relationship)
Learn more about gravitational force here:
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