When a gas is heated to become a plasma, the atoms (or the molecules) of the gas become ionised. In the ionisation, the atoms loose electrons from the exterior energy levels and thus heating to achieve a plasma will create free electrons and ionized atoms (or ionized molecules).
A plasma can not contain neutrons, because neutrons together with protons make the nuclei of the atoms. To free the neutrons from the atomn nuclei there would be necessary HUGE temperatures.
Also a plasma does not contain neutral elements (atoms) or (neutral) molecules, but Ionized atoms and/or molecules and free electrons.
Thus the good answer is d)
Complete question :
A 12 m x 15 m house is built on a 12-cm-thick concrete slab.
What is the heat-loss rate through the slab if the ground temperature is 5°C while the interior of the house is 25°C
Answer:
3kW
Explanation:
Given the following :
Dimension of house :
Length = 12m
Width = 15m
Thickness of concrete slab (t) = 12cm
t in metres :
100cm = 1m
12cm = (12/100)m
= 0.12m
Ground temperature (Tg) = 5°C
Interior temperature = (Th) = 25°C
Thermal conductivity of concrete (K) is approximately 1 Wm/k
Using the relation:
Q = KA * [ (Th - Tg) / d]
A = Length * width = (12 *15) = 180
Q = (1 * 180) * [(25°C - 5°C) / 0.12]
Q = 180 * (20/0.12)
Q = 180 * 16.6666
Q = 3,000W = 3kW
