When one body(sun) exerts a force on a second body(planet), the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction of the first body. Which makes the planet orbit in path C.
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They both make a thing go faster and slower but the relationship is force.
The gravitational force would get stronger because the farther the two masses are separated the more gravitational force will be used to pull them together the closer they are the less gravitational pull is used to pull them together