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3 years ago

Explain how the respiratory chain creates the electrochemical potential?

Chemistry

1 answer:

Rzqust [24]3 years ago

6 0

Explanation:

In the respiratory chain, the NADH and FADH2 that was accumulated in the preceding degradative pathways is finally disposed of by reacting it with molecular oxygen. The free energy of this “cold combustion” is used to generate ATP. The amount of ATP generated in the respiratory chain far exceeds the modest quantities produced in the upstream pathways; this is the reason why only aerobic metabolism enables us to sustain physical exertion for extended periods of time.

The workings of the respiratory chain are quite different from all other pathways in human metabolism. Each of those other pathways consists of a succession of discrete enzymatic reactions. Inasmuch as these pathways contribute to the production ATP, the energy is always passed from one energy-rich bond to the next, with a newly created phosphoanhydride bond in ATP as the final recipient. In contrast, the respiratory chain combines chemical reactions with physical forces that are not pinned down to individual molecules, and the energy is stored and converted in novel ways.

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_____ are chemical substances that bind with a receptor and activate the receptor, much like a neurotransmitter does.

Viefleur [7K]

Answer:

Ligands

Explanation:

Ligands are small molecules that transmit signals in between or within cells. Ligands exert their effects by binding to cellular proteins called receptors.

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3 years ago

How many half-lives are required for the concentration of reactant to decrease to 1.56% of its original value?4247.56.56

neonofarm [45]

Answer:

6 half-lives are required for the concentration of reactant to decrease to 1.56% of its original value.

Explanation:

Using integrated rate law for first order kinetics as:

$[A_t]=[A_0]e^{-kt}$

Where,

$[A_t]$ is the concentration at time t

$[A_0]$ is the initial concentration

Given:

Concentration is decreased to 1.56 % which means that 0.0156 of $[A_0]$ is decomposed. So,

$\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}$ = 0.0156

Thus,

$\frac {[A_t]}{[A_0]}=e^{-k\times t}$

$0.0156=e^{-k\times t}$

kt = 4.1604

The expression for the half life is:-

Half life = 15.0 hours

$t_{1/2}=\frac {ln\ 2}{k}$

Where, k is rate constant

So,

$k=\frac {ln\ 2}{t_{1/2}}$

$\frac{4.1604}{t}=\frac {ln\ 2}{t_{1/2}}$

$t = 6\times t_{1/2}$

6 half-lives are required for the concentration of reactant to decrease to 1.56% of its original value.

6 0

4 years ago

The density of an element is 19.3 g/cm^3. What is its density in kg/m^3?

Karolina [17]

First, you need to know 1 kg = 10^3 g. And 1 m^3 = 10^6 m^3. So the 1 g/cm3 = 10^3 kg/m3. So the answer is 1.93*10^4 kg/m3.

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4 years ago

When calcium forms an ion that has the same number of outer electrons as which noble gas?

Talja [164]

The answer is 4 krypton

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3 years ago

How long would it take for 1.50 mol of water at 100.0 âc to be converted completely into steam if heat were added at a constant

defon

To convert boiling water to steam, that would involve heat of vaporization. The heat of vaporization for water at atmospheric conditions is: ΔHvap = 2260 J/g.

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

Q = mΔHvap = (1.50 mol water)(18 g/mol)(2260 J/g) = 61,020 J

Time = Q/Rate = (61,020 J)(1 s/20 J) = 3051 seconds

In order to express the answer in three significant units, let's convert that to minutes.
Time = 3051 s * 1min/30 s = 102 min

6 0

3 years ago