Answer:
That would be 5 possibilities (or 5 events for position 1).
The commutative property of addition means we can add two integers in any order. So yes, It would still apply to two negative integers (for example, -2 + -3 and -3 + -2 both equal five)
This is an example of conditional probability because we are trying to find the probability of an event occurring GIVEN the occurrence of some other event. There is a formula for this (see image attached).
If we follow this formula, the numerator would be the probability of (A AND B) which in this case is "48% of the class passed BOTH exams." The denominator in the formula would be that "60% of the class passed ONLY THE SECOND exam."
Therefore, P(A and B) = 0.48, which is 48% expressed as a decimal and P(B)= 0.60, which is 60% expressed as a decimal. Then, you can figure out the answer by dividing.