Average velocity over a given time interval is the distance traveled divided by the time:
The average value for t- statistics is 0 if null hypothesis is true.
What is a t – statistics and null hypothesis ?
- The t-statistic, which is used in statistics, measures how far a parameter's estimated value deviates from its hypothesized value relative to its standard error.
- Through the Student's t-test, it is utilized in hypothesis testing. In a t-test, the t-statistic is used to decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis.
- It is quite comparable to the z-score, but when the data is small or the standard deviation is unknown, the t-statistic is employed instead.
- The default assumption, or null hypothesis, is that the quantity being measured is zero (null). The quantity to be assessed is often the difference between two circumstances.
- Trying to determine, for instance, whether there is conclusive evidence that an impact has happened or that samples come from several batches
The t-test yields a t-value of 0 if the sample data precisely match the null hypothesis. The value of the t-value rises as the sample data diverge more and more from the null hypothesis.
To learn more about null hypothesis visit here:
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I think the correct answer from the choices listed above is option D. The difference between a chemical change and a physical change is lies in the fact that a physical change does not break any bonds while a chemical change does form new substances. Hope this answers the question.
B. Energy is added to the cube causing particles to speed up and spread out, causing the cube to melt.
Pretty sure it’s halogens , or groups 14-17