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elena-s [515]
2 years ago
10

Engineering infrastructure decay, who is to be blamed?​

Engineering
1 answer:
Kruka [31]2 years ago
5 0

President Donald Trump is expected to discuss infrastructure in his State of the Union address on Tuesday, but how exactly he plans to do so is unclear.

The Washington Post reports that White House press secretary Sarah Sanders told CNN on Tuesday that infrastructure could be an area of compromise for Democrats and Republicans, but according to The Wall Street Journal, Trump Administration officials pushed for the removal of a call for Congress to pass Trump’s infrastructure plan from an early draft of his State of the Union address.

Trump reportedly "hates" major parts of the infrastructure plan he unveiled in 2018, which proposed $200 billion in federal funding designed to finance new projects and repairs while incentivizing private investment.

No matter what Trump says about infrastructure during his State of the Union address, one thing is clear: America's infrastructure is in dire need of repairs.

According to the American Society of Civil Engineers' 2017 Infrastructure Report Card, which is published every four years, US infrastructure gets a D+ grade. It got the same grade in 2013.

The ASCE estimates the US needs to spend some $4.5 trillion by 2025 to improve the state of the country's roads, bridges, dams, airports, schools, and more.

The report breaks down the state of infrastructure in 16 different categories. Here's a look at each category's final grade, according to the organization.

resources: https://www.businessinsider.com/asce-gives-us-infrastructure-a-d-2017-3#aviation-d-1

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stop and might even crash

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Products that are in the process of being manufactured but are not yet complete are called:
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Those products are generally called Work in Process WIP

Explanation:

Work in process (WIP), or work in progress (WIP), goods in process, or in-process inventory in a manufacturing industry/company refer to the company's partially finished goods waiting for completion and eventual sale or the value of these items.

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(3) Calculate the heat flux through a sheet of brass 7.5 mm (0.30 in.) thick if the temperatures at the two faces are 150°Cand 5
bezimeni [28]

Answer:

a.) 1.453MW/m2,  b.)  2,477,933.33 BTU/hr  c.) 22,733.33 BTU/hr  d.) 1,238,966.67 BTU/hr

Explanation:

Heat flux is the rate at which thermal (heat) energy is transferred per unit surface area. It is measured in W/m2

Heat transfer(loss or gain) is unit of energy per unit time. It is measured in W or BTU/hr

1W = 3.41 BTU/hr

Given parameters:

thickness, t = 7.5mm = 7.5/1000 = 0.0075m

Temperatures 150 C = 150 + 273 = 423 K

                        50 C = 50 + 273 = 323 K

Temperature difference, T = 423 - 323 = 100 K

We are assuming steady heat flow;

a.) Heat flux, Q" = kT/t

K= thermal conductivity of the material

The thermal conductivity of brass, k = 109.0 W/m.K

Heat flux, Q" = \frac{109 * 100}{0.0075} = 1,453,333.33 W/m^{2} \\ Heat flux, Q" = 1.453MW/m^{2} \\

b.) Area of sheet, A = 0.5m2

Heat loss, Q = kAT/t

Heat loss, Q = \frac{109*0.5*100}{0.0075} = 726,666.667W

Heat loss, Q = 726,666.667 * 3.41 = 2,477,933.33 BTU/hr

c.) Material is now given as soda lime glass.

Thermal conductivity of soda lime glass, k is approximately 1W/m.K

Heat loss, Q=\frac{1*0.5*100}{0.0075} = 6,666.67W

Heat loss, Q = 6,666.67 * 3.41 = 22,733.33 BTU/hr

d.) Thickness, t is given as 15mm = 15/1000 = 0.015m

Heat loss, Q=\frac{109*0.5*100}{0.015} =363,333.33W

Heat loss, Q = 363,333.33 * 3.41 = 1,238,966.67 BTU/hr

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