Down a group, electron affinity typically decreases. This is because the atomic radius increases down a group.
Fluorine, which is higher up the group then chlorine, has a lower electron affinity. This is because the electrons in the outermost shell of a fluorine atom are closer together.
The electron gained also feels a great amount of repulsion from the electrons originally in the outermost shell. Energy is required to keep the gained electron in the shell, causing fluorine to have a smaller electron affinity than chlorine.
Hope this helps :)
The balanced equation for the above reaction is as follows;
2AgNO₃ + CaCl₂ ---> 2AgCl + Ca(NO₃)₂
stoichiometry of AgNO₃ to CaCl₂ is 2:1
we first need to find the limiting reactant
number of moles reacted = molarity x volume
number of AgNO₃ moles = 0.22 mol/L x 0.1050 L = 0.023 mol
number of CaCl₂ moles = 0.13 mol/L x 0.1050 L = 0.014 mol
according to molar ratio of 2:1
if we assume AgNO₃ to be the limiting reactant
if 2 mol of AgNO₃ react with 1 mol of CaCl₂
then 0.023 mol of AgNO₃ reacts with - 0.023/2 = 0.012 mol of CaCl₂
0.012 mol of CaCl₂ is required but 0.014 mol of CaCl₂ is required
therefore CaCl₂ is in excess and AgNO₃ is therefore the limiting reactant
the amount of products formed depends on the amount of limiting reactant present
stoichiometry of AgNO₃ to AgCl is 2:2
the number of moles of AgCl formed = number of AgNO₃ moles reacted
therefore number of AgCl moles formed = 0.023 mol
mass of AgCl formed = 0.023 mol x 143.3 g/mol = 3.3 g
mass of AgCl formed = 3.3 g
Answer:
pKb = 10.96
Explanation:
Tartaric acid is a dyprotic acid. It reacts to water like this:
H₂Tart + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + HTart⁻ Ka1
HTart⁻ + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + Tart⁻² Ka2
When we anaylse the base, we have
Tart⁻² + H₂O ⇄ OH⁻ + HTart⁻ Kb1
HTart⁻ + H₂O ⇄ OH⁻ + H₂Tart Kb2
Remember that Ka1 . Kb2 = Kw, plus pKa1 + pKb2 = 14
Kb2 = Kw / Ka1 → 1×10⁻¹⁴ / 9.20×10⁻⁴ = 1.08×10⁻¹¹
so pKb = - log Kb2 → - log 1.08×10⁻¹¹ = 10.96
True
After the process of Ore processing, Enrichment, Fuel production and being passed through the reactor core the last remaining step is spent fuel disposal.
