a) First, to get ΔG°rxn we have to use this formula when:
ΔG° = - RT ㏑ K
when ΔG° is Gibbs free energy
and R is the constant = 8.314 J/mol K
and T is the temperature in Kelvin = 25 °C+ 273 = 298 K
and when K = 4.4 x 10^-2
so, by substitution:
ΔG°= - 8.314 * 298 *㏑(4.4 x 10^-2)
= -7739 J = -7.7 KJ
b) then, to get E° cell for a redox reaction we have to use this formula:
ΔE° Cell = (RT / nF) ㏑K
when R is a constant = 8.314 J/molK
and T is the temperature in Kelvin = 25°C + 273 = 298 K
and n = no.of moles of e- from the balanced redox reaction= 3
and F is Faraday constant = 96485 C/mol
and K = 4.4 x 10^-2
so, by substitution:
∴ ΔE° cell = (8.314 * 298 / 3* 96485) *㏑(4.4 x 10^-2)
= - 2.7 x 10^-2 V
Answer:
A. by lowering the activation energy
Explanation:
- Adding a catalyst has this effect on activation energy. A catalyst provides an alternative route for the reaction with a lower activation energy. <em>As illustrated in the attached image.</em>
- This means that more particles have the activation energy required for the reaction to take place (compared to without the catalyst) and so the speed of the reaction increases.
Answer : The incorrect statements are:
(A) When two nonmetals react, the compound formed is ionic.
(B) Two nonmetals can undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction.
Explanation :
Covalent compound : It is defined as the compound which is formed by the sharing of electrons between the atoms forming a compound.
The covalent compound are usually formed when two non-metals react.
The two nonmetals can not undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction.
Ionic compound : It is defined as the compound which is formed when electron gets transferred from one atom to another atom.
Ionic compound are usually formed when a metal reacts with a non-metal.
The metal-nonmetal reaction can always be assumed to be an oxidation-reduction reaction.
For example : 
In this reaction, sodium shows oxidation because the oxidation state changes from (0) to (+1) and and chlorine shows reduction because the oxidation state changes from (0) to (-1).
Hence, the incorrect statements are, (A) and (B)
I believe that it is petroleum ether.