Peptide bonds, hydrogen bonds, disulfide linkages, van der Waals, and electrostatic forces of attraction are the chemical bonds that stabilize the different structures in primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
The advanced structure of proteins gives rise to two kinds of major molecular shapes which are fibrous as well as globular structures. The main forces which are involved in stabilizing the secondary along with the tertiary structures of proteins include hydrogen bonds, disulfide type linkages, van der Waals attraction, and electrostatic forces of attraction.
The primary structure is generally determined by adjoining peptide bonds where the link is adjoining amino acids in sequential order. Tertiary structure is determined by the existence of disulfide bonds in between hydrophobic interactions as well as cysteine residues whereas the quaternary type structure is determined by multiple subunits of a protein that undergo various interactions.
Hydrogen bonds exist in a protein molecule as its large number can form between adjacent regions of the polypeptide chain in folded form and stabilize its three-dimensional kind of shape.
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The waves can be described as a pattern
Answer:
The answer is C is attached to four unique gatherings A, B C and D, Thus it frame two optical isomers as the perfect representations of one another.
Explanation:
A critical class of isomers in which mixes have the equivalent sub-atomic recipe and structure, yet the distinction emerges from the introduction of the gatherings in the 3D space. Optical isomers are called as enantiomers.
Enantiomers are optical isomers whose identical representations are non-superimpose. They turn the plane enraptured light inverse way.
Optical action is characterized as the capacity of a choral atom to pivot the plane energized light. The enantiomers that pivots the plane energized light a clockwise way is called extraordinary, while the one that turns the plane spellbound light an anticlockwise way is called rotatory. Basics ,
Centrality is the major behind the optical movement of a natural atom. Choral focus: A'C' particle in a particle turns into a choral focus when all the four valences of that molecule are fulfilled by synthetically unique gatherings.
Explanation:
dU=TdS-pdV (given)
To prove = 1) 
(at constant U)
2) 
(at constant V)
Solution: 1)
dU=TdS-PdV
Derivative of constant is zero.
Given that internal energy is ,U = constant
(hence proved)
Solution: 2)
dU=TdS-PdV
Differentiating with respect to dU, we get:
Derivative of constant is zero.
Given that volume is constant , V= constant
(hence proved)
