Characteristic properties are used because the sample size and the shape of the substance does not matter.
Scientists repeat experiments for reliability. Experiments have to be repeated, since performing an experiment only once, does not prove a scientists theory on the experiment, which they develop by performing the experiment. And then performing the experiment again or even many times to prove or disapprove their theories. Btw, before an experiment begins, the scientist will make a hypothesis of what they believe will happen. If proven correctly, they would then use those results they record throughout the experiment, from beginning to end to prove whether or not their hypothesis are correct or incorrect. Click to let others know, how helpful is it
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So that they can prove the other scientists views wrong and develop a new theory in which there is more sense and credibility.
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BASICALLY, I THINK THE ANSWER IS 1 OR 2 OR
An educated guess is called estimation
D. melting ice on roads and sidewalks, i think
