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Effectus [21]
3 years ago
15

Which of the following matching is true concerning the Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and its corresponding OSI layer location?

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
Gnoma [55]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

None

Explanation:

The OSI model is one of two network models ( with TCP/IP as the second), it has seven layers and they are mostly ranked from the PDU entry point. PDU is the data format of a layer as encryption information of the layer is added to it.

Starting from the last or seventh layer;

- Application layer: In this layer, data is created and manipulated by a user. At this point, the PDU is just data as it is where creation of data to be sent and receiving of data to manipulated is done.

- Presentation layer: Encryption of the data takes place here and is dependent on the application layer.

- Session layer: the session between the communicating computers occurs here.

-Transport layer: the data to be transferred is for a specific application in the computer, so a transport header which contains a port number to identify the application is given. The PDU of the combined transport header and data is called a "segment".

- Network layer: The segment moves to this layer and a network header containing an IP address and subnet mask is added. This new pdu is called a "packet".

- Data-link layer:Here, a header and trailer is added containing the MAC address and error checking information and this new pdu is called "Frame".

_ physical layer: this layer is responsible for delivering and accepting PDUs from the medium (wired or wireless). The frame is encoded to the PDU called bits and are sent to the other computer through a wired medium.

Summary: PDU

( Application to session) - Data

Transport. - Segment

Network. -. Packet

Data-link. -. Frame

Physical. -. Bit

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Your team at amazon is overseeing the design of a new high-efficiency data center at HQ2. A power grid need to be generated for
Alla [95]

Following are the python program to the given question:

from collections import defaultdict #import package

import heapq as h#import package

def primsMST(gr, st_v): # defining a method primsMST that takes two values in parameters  

   primalMST = defaultdict(set)#defining primalMST as a variable that calls defaultdict method  

   v = set([st_v])# defining a variable v that calls the set method and hold its value

   e_list = [(c, st_v, to)for to, c in gr[st_v].items()]#defining variable e_list that use loop to hold value in list

   h.heapify(e_list)# use package that holds heapify and holds its value

   while e_list:#defining while loop that checks e_list  

       c, s, e = h.heappop(e_list)#holding heapop method value in c,s,and e variable

       if e not in v:#defining if block checks e value is not in v

           v.add(e)# use add method to add value in v

           primalMST[s].add(e)#use primalMST as list that adds value in mwthod

   for nxt, c in gr[e].items():#defining for loop that uses nxt, and c variable that checks value in list

       if nxt not in v:#defining nxt variable that checks value is not in v

           h.heappush(e_list, (c, e, nxt))#add value into the heappush method

   return primalMST#return method value

connects=[['A','B',1],['B','C',4],['B','D',6],['D','E',5],['C','E',1]]#defining a list connects

my_gr=dict()#defining a variable my_gr that holds method dict() value  

for el in connects:#defining a for loop that uses el to count connects list value

   my_gr[el[0]]=dict()#use my_gr as list hold value in dict method

   my_gr[el[1]]=dict()#use my_gr as list hold value in dict method

for el in connects:#defining another for loop that uses el to count connects list

   my_gr[el[0]].update({el[1]:el[2]}) # use update method that update value in my_gr

   my_gr[el[1]].update({el[0]:el[2]})# use update method that update value in my_gr

x=dict(primsMST(my_gr, list(my_gr.keys())[0]))#defining x variable that calls dict method and  hold its value  

a=[]#defining an empty list

for k in x:#defining a for loop that uses k to hold dict method value

   for no in x[k]:#defining a loop that checks list value

       a.append([k,no,my_gr[k][no]])#use a that add value in list  

       print(a)#print list value.

Output:

Please find the attached file.

Program Explanation:

  • Import package.
  • defining a method primsMST that takes "gr and st_v" as parameters.
  • Inside the method, a primalMST as a variable is declared that calls "defaultdict" method.
  • Use the v variable that calls the set method and hold its value.
  • Defining "e_list" that uses the loop to hold value in lists, and define the heapify and holds its value.
  • In the next step, it defines a while loop checks e_list, and defines variable and hold value into the method and use another if to check value and return its value.
  • A list "connects" is declared that holds a value and defines a "my_gr" that holds "dict" method value and uses multiple for loop to print the calculated list value.

Learn more:

dictionary: brainly.in/question/14673591

List: brainly.in/question/25140412

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2 years ago
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Rasek [7]

Answer:

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Explanation:

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Jeff decides that he would pay as much as $3,000 for a new laptop computer. He buys the computer and realizes consumer surplus o
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b. $2,300

<u>Explanation:</u>

Consumer surplus can be defined as the amount that the consumer is willing to pay for a product or a service. The word surplus is a synonym for something extra or excess. It corresponds to the extra benefit that the consumer gets while buying something which may be the result of some discount, sale, or negotiation.  

Jeff realizes a consumer surplus of $700 while purchasing a laptop of $3000. As the consumer surplus is $700,

the amount Jeff has paid for the laptop is: $3000 - $700

                                          : $2300

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