Answer:
Like all other cellular membranes, the plasma membrane consists of both lipids and proteins. The fundamental structure of the membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which forms a stable barrier between two aqueous compartments.
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To primary consumers, as they directly eat producers and are next on the level of animals in an ecosystem.
Answer:
Radiometric dating methods
Explanation:
Absolute dating is the process of determining an age on a chronological or specified time scale in which events occurred in archaeology and geology. Absolute dating can be determined by using properties of the atoms that make up materials.
The most common method of absolute dating uses by geologists is radiometric dating methods which is based on the natural radioactive decay of certain elements such as potassium and carbon found in the rocks. By comparing the ratio of parent isotope with a known half-life to daughter product in the rock, the age of the rock can be determined.
The carbon-14 isotope is used in radiocarbon dating, but is only useful for measuring recently formed rocks in the geologic past. The decay of Potassium-40 isotope known as potassium-argon (K-Ar) method allows dating of materials that up to 1,000 billion years old.
Answer:
2. 1 Pink : 1 white
3. 1 Red : 1 Pink
4. 1 Red : 2 Pink : 1 White
Explanation:
This question involves a single gene coding for flower colour in snapdragon plants. The alleles of the gene exhibits incomplete dominance i.e. the red allele (R) ia not completely dominant over the white allele (W), hence an intermediate pink phenotype (RW) is formed. Based on this, a red snapdragon will have genotype, CRCR while a white one will have genotype, CWCW. The intermediate pink phenotype will have a genotype, CRCW.
The image attached to this question shows four crosses between different traits.
In the second cross between a pink (CRCW) and white offspring (CWCW), 2pink and 2white offsprings will be possibly produced in the ratio 1:1.
In the third cross between a red (CRCR) and pink (CRCW) snapdragon, 2 red and 2 Pink offsprings will possibly be produced in a ratio 1:1.
In the fourth cross between a pink (CRCW) and pink (CRCW) snapdragon, red, pink and white offsprings will be produced in the ratio 1:2:1.
See attached image for the complete punnet square. Note that, there was a mistake in the Genotype of the last cross i.e. pink has genotype CRCW not CWCW.