A reading frame consists of groups of 3 bases that each code for one amino acid<span>. A frameshift mutation shifts the grouping of these bases and changes the code for amino acids. The resulting protein is usually nonfunctional. Insertions, deletions, and duplications can all be frameshift mutations.
When carbon is in the atmosphere it is usually in the form of molecules of carbon dioxide that is released by living organisms such as humans, plants, animals etc and it is a gas.