An aircraft is loaded 110 pounds over maximum certificated gross weight. If fuel (gasoline) is drained to bring the aircraft wei
1 answer:
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We can solve the problem by using the first law of thermodynamics:
where
is the variation of internal energy of the system
Q is the heat added to the system
W is the work done by the system
In this problem, the variation of internal energy of the system is
While the heat added to the system is
therefore, the work done by the system is
Answer:
(a)
(b)
Explanation:
(a) The electric field for a point charge is given by the following formula:
Since this formula is valid for point charges, we have to choose an infinitesimal area, da, from the disk. Then we will calculate the E-field (dE) created by this small area using the above formula, then we will integrate over the entire disk to find the E-field created by the disk.
Here, z = 0.025 m. And r is the distance of the infinitesimal area from the axis. dQ is the charge of the small area, and should be written in terms of the given variables.
In cylindrical coordinates, da = r dr dθ. So,
Hence, dE is now:
The surface integral over the disk can now be taken, but there is one more thing to be considered. This dE is a vector quantity, and it needs to be separated its components.
It has two components, one in the vertical direction and another in the horizontal direction. By symmetry, the horizontal components cancel out each other in the end (since it is a disk, each horizontal vector has an equal but opposite counterpart), so only the vertical component should be considered.
Let us denote the angle between dE and the horizontal axis as α. This angle can be found by the geometry of the triangle formed by dE, vertical axis of the disk, and horizontal plane. So,
Therefore, vertical component of dE now becomes
Substituting the parameters, z = 0.025 m, Q = - 8 x 10^(-9) C, and R = 0.0105 m, yields the final result:
(b) We will have a similar approach, but a simpler integral.
Note that, in this case the source object is a one dimensional hoop rather than a two dimensional disk.