Assuming an ideal gas, the speed of sound depends on temperature
only. Air is almost an ideal gas.
Assuming the temperature of 25°C in a "standard atmosphere", the
density of air is 1.1644 kg/m3, and the speed of sound is 346.13 m/s.
The velocity can't be specified, since the question gives no information
regarding the direction of the sound.
Answer:
The speed of water must be expelled at 6.06 m/s
Explanation:
Neglecting any drag effects of the surrounding water we can assume the linear momentum in this case is conserves, that is, the total initial momentum of the octopus and the water kept in it cavity should be equal to the total final linear momentum. That's known as conservation of momentum, mathematically expressed as:

with Pi the total initial momentum and Pf the final total momentum. The total momentum is the sum of the momentums of the individual objects, in our case the octopus and the mass of water that will be expelled:

with Po the momentum of the octopus and Pw the momentum of expelled water. Linear momentum is defined as mass times velocity:

Note that initially the octopus has the water in its cavity and both are at rest before it sees the predator so
:

We should find the final velocity of water if the final velocity of the octopus is 2.70 m/s, solving for
:


The minus sign indicates the velocity of the water is opposite the velocity of the octopus.
===> Distance fallen from rest in free fall =
(1/2) (acceleration) (time²)
(122.5 m) = (1/2) (9.8 m/s²) (time²)
Divide each side by (4.9 m/s²): (122.5 m / 4.9 m/s²) = time²
(122.5/4.9) s² = time²
Take the square root of each side: 5.0 seconds
===> (Accelerating at 9.8 m/s², he will be dropping at
(9.8 m/s²) x (5.0 s) = 49 m/s
when he goes 'splat'. We'll need this number for the last part.)
===> With no air resistance, the horizontal component of velocity
doesn't change.
Horizontal distance = (10 m/s) x (5.0 s) = 50 meters .
===> Impact velocity = (10 m/s horizontally) + (49 m/s vertically)
= √(10² + 49²) = 50.01 m/s arctan(10/49)
= 50.01 m/s at 11.5° from straight down,
away from the base of the cliff.
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