Did you try to do the problems first?
Answer:
x+16
Step-by-step explanation:
For this one the negative signs become positive because, if you multiply a negative number*a negative number it becomes positive. That is a rule.

Answer:
-93
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Hj and jk are the same length line segments ( because the midpoint divides a line into two equal parts)
So hj = jk.
hk is the line segment which has the mid point j. It is the double of hj or jk. It can be the sum of hj and jk.
hj + jk = hk
or
2 * hj = hk
or
2 * jk = hk