Answer:
A) Fats provide 12 kcals of energy per gram.
Answer:
OH, H2O2 and O−2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be defined as highly reactive chemical compounds formed from molecular oxygen (O2). ROS are generated as a normal product of cellular metabolism, and also as a response to different environmental/internal cellular stimuli (e.g., cytokines, xenobiotics, pathogenic invasion). For example, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are a type of ROS generated in the mitochondria which are capable of inducing oxidative stress in different cells and also trigger chronic inflammation. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules represent another type of ROS which are produced during the stereoselective deamination of amino acids, i.e., the building blocks of proteins. These molecules (H2O2) exhibit toxic effects on the cell (e.g., DNA damage). Finally, singlet oxygen (1O2) is an excited state of molecular oxygen (O2) that is generated during photosynthesis in the photosystem II (PSII) of chloroplasts.
Answer: a) true
Explanation:
The goal of mitosis is to produce daughter cells that are genetically identical to the mother cell, without a single extra or missing chromosome. Meiosis, on the other hand, is only used for one purpose in the human body: the production of gametes or sex cells, i.e. sperm and eggs. The question is oriented to mitosis, <u>in which prior to this cell division, the cell duplicates its DNA</u> so that each daughter cell then inherits the genetic material. That is, the cell originally possesses 23 chromosomes, they duplicate to a total of 46 so that then each daughter cell receives 23.
The metaphase is the second phase of mitosis and meiosis that occurs after prophase where the envelope is lost and microtubules of the achromatic spindle (also called meiotic or mitotic) appear.
During metaphase, the chromosomes align themselves in the middle of the cell and this balanced midline spindle alignment is due to the equal and opposing forces generated by the kinetochore brothers.
Then during metaphase, the chromosomes will line up in the center of the cell to be separated and go each to a different daughter cell. But the moment they're found there, each orientation of chromosomes produces gametes with the same genetic information from each parent. <u>Because because there have been no changes or mutations in the chromosomes, they have duplicated and have the same genetic information.</u>
The physical characteristics of an organism is its phenotype. I remember this because phenotype and physical both start with 'ph.'
Hope this helps. Good luck! :)
