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BaLLatris [955]
3 years ago
9

The flavor and odor of fruits comes primarily from the esters they contain. For example, a major component in the flavor of oran

ges is octyl acetate. Draw the organic products formed when octyl acetate reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Chemistry
1 answer:
Lilit [14]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

Explanation:

Concepts and reason

This problem is based on the concept of hydrolysis of esters.

An ester is hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid and an alcohol when treated with aqueous acid or aqueous base. Under alkaline conditions, the carboxylic acid is obtained in the form as its salt.

Fundamentals

Alkaline hydrolysis of ester is done with strong base {\\rm{NaOH}}NaOHand {\\rm{O}}{{\\rm{H}}^ - }OH\u2212acts as nucleophilic reagent. This reaction is reversible, since carboxylate anion has tendency to react with an alcohol and gives back ester.

Step-by-step

Step 1 of 2

Attack of [{ m{O}}{{ m{H}}^ - }]on carbonyl take place as follows resulting formation of tetrahedral intermediate:

\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043d

Explanation | Hint for next step

The {\\rm{O}}{{\\rm{H}}^ - }OH\u2212nucleophile attacks on the electrophilic carbon of an ester {\\rm{C}} = {\\rm{O}}C=O and forms tetrahedral intermediate after breaking the \\pi\u03c0-bond.

Step 2 of 2

Hydrolysis of product formed from step 1 followed by reaction with {\\rm{NaOH}}NaOHis as follows:

The products of the reaction are:

Explanation | Common mistakes

On the reaction of octyl acetate with aqueous sodium hydroxide, the products octyl alcohol and acetate ion are formed after omitting the {\\rm{N}}{{\\rm{a}}^ + }Na+ions.

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The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on which feature of the object?
maks197457 [2]

Answer:

mass

Explanation:

The amount of kinetic energy an object has, depends on its mass and its speed.

5 0
2 years ago
100.0 mL of a 0.500 M solution of KBr is diluted to 500.0 mL. What is the new concentration of the solution
andreyandreev [35.5K]

Answer:

0.1 M

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Initial volume (V1) = 100 mL

Initial concentration (C1) = 0.5 M

Final volume (V2) = 500 mL

Final concentration (C2) =?

Using the dilution formula C1V1 = C2V2, the new concentration of the solution can be obtained as follow:

C1V1 = C2V2

0.5 × 100 = C2 × 500

50 = C2 × 500

Divide both side by 500

C2 = 50/500

C2 = 0.1 M

Therefore, the new concentration of the solution is 0.1 M

3 0
3 years ago
Rate law equation The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the concentrations of the reactants. For the general reaction betwe
shusha [124]

Answer:  The reaction order with respect to A is m

Explanation:

Order of the reaction is defined as the sum of the concentration of terms on which the rate of the reaction actually depends. It is the sum of the exponents of the molar concentration in the rate law expression.

Elementary reactions are defined as the reactions for which the order of the reaction is same as its molecularity and order with respect to each reactant is equal to its stoichiometric coefficient as represented in the balanced chemical reaction.

For the given reaction:

aA+bB\rightleftharpoons cC+dD  

Rate=k[A]^m[B]^n

In this equation, the order with respect to each reactant is not equal to its stoichiometric coefficient which is represented in the balanced chemical reaction.

Hence, this is not considered as an elementary reaction.

Order with respect to A = m

Order with respect to B = n

Overall order = m+n

Thus order with respect to A is m.

3 0
2 years ago
The most common source of copper (cu) is the mineral chalcopyrite (cufes2). how many kilograms of chalcopyrite must be mined to
tigry1 [53]

Answer : 0.8663 Kg of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtained 300 g of pure Cu.

Solution : Given,

Mass of Cu = 300 g

Molar mass of Cu = 63.546 g/mole

Molar mass of CuFeS_2 = 183.511 g/mole

  • First we have to calculate the moles of Cu.

\text{ Moles of Cu}=\frac{\text{ Given mass of Cu}}{\text{ Molar mass of Cu}}= \frac{300g}{63.546g/mole}=4.7209moles

The moles of Cu = 4.7209 moles

From the given chemical formula, CuFeS_2 we conclude that the each mole of compound contain one mole of Cu.

So, The moles of Cu = Moles of CuFeS_2 = 4.4209 moles

  • Now we have to calculate the mass of CuFeS_2.

Mass of CuFeS_2 = Moles of CuFeS_2 × Molar mass of CuFeS_2 = 4.4209 moles × 183.511 g/mole = 866.337 g

Mass of CuFeS_2 = 866.337 g = 0.8663 Kg         (1 Kg = 1000 g)

Therefore, 0.8663 Kg of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtained 300 g of pure Cu.


3 0
3 years ago
When is a covalent bond described as polar? Choose one: when electrons are transferred from one atom to another if covalently bo
melomori [17]

Answer:

if electrons are shared unequally between bonded atoms

Explanation:

A polar covalent bond is a bond that is formed due to the unequal distribution of electrons between two partially charged atoms. This is observed when the difference in electronegativity between the bond atoms is between 0.5 and 1.7.

A polar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons that form the bond are unevenly distributed. This causes the molecule to have a slight electric dipole moment where one end is slightly positive and the other is slightly negative.

The charge of the electric dipoles is less than a full unit charge, so they are considered partial charges and are called delta plus (δ +) and delta minus (δ-).

Because positive and negative charges are separated at the bond, molecules with polar covalent bonds interact with the dipoles of other molecules. This produces intermolecular dipole-dipole forces between the molecules.

6 0
3 years ago
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