In most cases the temperature must increase for thermal expansion to occur. Most substances expand as temperature increases because the atoms or molecules vibrate faster as temperature increases and experience greater separation.
Because of internal friction between layers of mud particles called viscosity. When you walk, your foot exerts a force on the mud; and according to Newton, the mud also (is supposed to) exert an equal opposite force, which leading to an equal net resultant force in your direction, propelling you forward.
1) The equivalent resistance of two resistors in parallel is given by:

so in our problem we have

and the equivalent resistance is

2) If we have a battery of 12 V connected to the circuit, the current in the circuit will be given by Ohm's law, therefore:
Answer:
The radius of the loop is 20.66 km
Explanation:
let the radius of the loop be r
mass of airplane is m
At the top, the pilot experiences two radial forces, which are
1) Gravitational force is mg
2) Centrifugal forces mv²/r out of the center
When the pilot experiences no weight,
then, mg = mv²/r
r = v² / g
= 450² / 9.8
= 20.66 x 10³3
= 20.66 km