The right answer is: The antibodies mistakenly identify the cells as foreign material.
The role of an antibody is to recognize a foreign antigen in order to neutralize it. They can achieve this thanks to the great specificity of their paratope, which recognizes only a very precise part of the antigen: the epitope. As soon as an antibody recognizes an epitope, the B lymphocyte that codes for that specific antibody multiplies and matures in order to synthesize the same antibodies, useful in large quantities.
The phenomenon described in the question is an autoimmunity mediated by autoantibodies.
An autoantibody is an antibody produced by the immune system and directed against one or more proteins of the individual himself
Many autoimmune diseases are due to the presence of these autoantibodies, but the presence of autoantibodies is not necessarily synonymous with such a disease.
Some scientists say that they could have a beneficial role in cleaning up cell debris resulting from a disease.
The way in which these autoantibodies are produced, their precise role, and the reason why they decrease in individuals with certain diseases, are all issues that remain unresolved.
Answer:
S phase
Explanation:
The S is short for synthesis, which means that DNA is being replicated. This is one of the stages of interphase, when the cell is growing and getting ready to divide. Well, this is the getting ready to divide part of interphase; the cell needs to duplicate its DNA so it has enough to divide out to daughter cells.
Photosynthesis produces oxygen and water. Photosynthesis is the result of a cycle. Humans use oxygen for respiration, the product produced from human respiration is carbon dioxide. Then plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and turn it into oxygen with photosynthesis, this goes on and on as a cycle.
Answer:
A or C
Explanation:
Xylem consists of several different types of <u>cells</u>: fibers for support, parenchyma for storage, and tracheary elements for the transport of water. The tracheary elements are arranged as<u> long tubes through which columns of water are raised</u>. In a tree trunk, the innermost part of the wood is dead but structurally strong xylem, while the outer part consists of living xylem, and beyond it, layers of cambium and phloem.
