Paneth cells are specialized immune cells that are found in the gastrointestinal tract. Paneth cells act as anti-microbial defence for our bodies. It is found in the crypts of the intestine. It is also responsible for the renewal of epithelial layer cells which keep bacteria from entering the intestines.
Answer:
The correct answer is - Anaphase.
Explanation:
Cell division can be either mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis cell division has these phases:
A. Interphase - non-dividing phase with to G1, S and G2 sub phase. In this genetic material doubles and cell size increases.
B. Prophase- chromosomes shorten and condense by coiling. Centrioles move in opposite directions.
C. Metaphase - spindle fibres bind to kinetochores and pulls it the chromosomes on the equator of the spindle forms a plate called the metaphase plate.
D. Anaphase- these get condense and centromeres split into two and the spindle fibres pull the daughter centromeres to opposite poles.
E. Telophase is the last phase of Mitosis.
The greater the force that produces a wave, the greater the amplitude of the wave and the greater the energy carried by the wave. In a transverse wave the higher the wave, the higher the amplitude. Sounds with greater amplitude will be louder; light with greater amplitude will be brighter
Answer: In Spanish
¿Cómo se vuelven resistentes las bacterias a los antibióticos?
R: Las bacterias pueden volverse resistentes a los antibióticos de varias maneras. Algunas bacterias pueden "neutralizar" un antibiótico cambiándolo de una manera que lo hace inofensivo. Otros han aprendido a bombear un antibiótico fuera de la bacteria antes de que pueda causar algún daño. Algunas bacterias pueden cambiar su estructura externa, por lo que el antibiótico no tiene forma de adherirse a la bacteria que está diseñada para matar.
Después de exponerse a los antibióticos, a veces una de las bacterias puede sobrevivir porque encontró una manera de resistir el antibiótico. Si incluso una bacteria se vuelve resistente a los antibióticos, puede multiplicarse y reemplazar todas las bacterias que fueron eliminadas. Eso significa que la exposición a los antibióticos proporciona una presión selectiva que hace que las bacterias sobrevivientes sean más propensas a ser resistentes. Las bacterias también pueden volverse resistentes a través de la mutación de su material genético.
Answer in English :
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
A: Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics through several ways. Some bacteria can “neutralize” an antibiotic by changing it in a way that makes it harmless. Others have learned how to pump an antibiotic back outside of the bacteria before it can do any harm. Some bacteria can change their outer structure so the antibiotic has no way to attach to the bacteria it is designed to kill.
After being exposed to antibiotics, sometimes one of the bacteria can survive because it found a way to resist the antibiotic. If even one bacterium becomes resistant to antibiotics, it can then multiply and replace all the bacteria that were killed off. That means that exposure to antibiotics provides selective pressure making the surviving bacteria more likely to be resistant. Bacteria can also become resistant through mutation of their genetic material.
I don't know if this help you at all.
Directional selection I'm pretty sure hope it helps!
