I wonder....if this is a multiple choice question? If not I believe the monster represents the societal fear of illness and disease.
It shows the doer of the action.It comes before verb and indicates this action or work is done by it/him/her etc.Ex.Susan switched off the lights. Who switched off the lights? The answer is Susan (subject of the sentence)
"the harsh restrictions provoked anger and outrage in the public," is an independent clause. An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence and does not need any other parts.
"During the long winter" is an adverbial clause, which means it is describing how something is before the sentence. It could be more closely compared to a dependent clause because it cannot act alone in a sentence.
