Drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by compulsive, or uncontrollable, drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences and changes in the brain, which can be long lasting. These changes in the brain can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who use drugs. Drug addiction is also a relapsing disease. Relapse is the return to drug use after an attempt to stop.
Preferences are an example of an internal influence on thoughts or feelings. Correct answer: A
Internal influence on thoughts or feelings are linked to the personality, and not the external environment. Personality is defined as the thoughts, emotions, intentions and behavior that people express as they move through their environment. It influences how we select, organize, and interpret information.
Answer:
mean level comparisons across countries might be difficult due to item-responding differences.
Explanation:
Values, abstract guiding principles, have gained a lot of attention, not just within psychology, but also in neighboring fields such as sociology, economics, philosophy, and political science (Schwartz, 1992; Gouveia, 2013; Maio, 2016). In the last three decades, researchers have asked people to rate diverse values in terms of their importance as guiding principles in their lives. Analyses of these ratings have taught us that the structure of human values is very similar across more than 80 countries (Schwartz, 1992; Bilsky et al., 2011; Schwartz et al., 2012). That is, the same values have been grouped together in most countries, resulting in the view that values within a cluster are motivationally compatible. More specifically, in the predominant value model (Schwartz, 1992) 10 value types are distinguished: power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security. The 10 value types can be combined into four higher order value types, which form the endpoints of two orthogonal dimensions: openness values vs. conservation values, and self-transcendence values vs. self-enhancement values. Adjacent value types are motivationally compatible and hence positively correlated, whereas opposing value types are expected to be motivationally incompatible and negatively related.
Restorative Justice is a system that is found in criminal justice. This system focuses on rehabilitating offenders through reconciliation. Offenders are asked to reconciliate not only with their victims but also to the community at large. Three principles that are entailed in such form of justice are:
a. human beings are capable of change if given the opportunity
b. human beings should always be given the opportunity to right the mistakes that they have done.
c. through service and action, the consequences of their wrongdoings will be realized and they would be able to again become functional individuals in society.
