Question

Can someone tell me how to differentiate if a given salt is acidic, basic, or neutral?​

Answer 1

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Basic Characteristic of acids

• Acids are sour in taste
• Acid turns blue litmus paper or solution into red litmus paper or solution
• Acids are good conductor of electricity because it dissociate into cation in aqueous solution
• Acids classified into edible acids and non edible acids. Non edible acids are very hazardous
• Generally, All acids are soluble in water
• Acids have PH smaller than 7

Arrhenius definition of acids :-

According to Arrehinus,

• Acids are those substances which when dissolve in water given H positive ions . Then, this hydrogen ions combine with water to form H30 + ions

Second definition of Acids was given by Bonsted Lowry :-

According to Bonsted Lowry

• Acids are the proton donors that is when acids dissociate into water gives hydrogen ions that is H+ ions

3rd definition was given by Lewis

According to Lewis

• Acids are those substances which have the ability to accept a pair of electrons .

Example of Acids

• HNO3 :- Nitric acid
• H2SO4 :- Sulfuric acid
• HCl :- Hydrochloric acid

Basic characterists of bases

• Bases are bitter in taste
• Bases turns red litmus paper into blue litmus paper or solution
• Bases are also good conductor of electricity because on dissociation it produces anion in aqueous solution
• Bases are also good conductor of electricity
• When bases are soluble in water then they are known as alkaline base
• Bases have PH greater than 7

Arrehinus definition of bases :-

According to Arrehinus ,

• Bases are those substances which when dissolve in water produce OH negative ions that is hydroxide ions

Bonsted Lowry definition

According to Bonsted Lowry

• Bases are the proton donors as they produce OH negative ions in dissociation in aqueous solution

Lewis definition

According to Lewis

• Acids are those substances which have the ability to lose electrons that is they are electron donors.

Example of bases

• Ca(OH)2 :- Calcium hydroxide
• NaOH :- Sodium hydroxide
• KOH :- Potassium hydroxide

[ Note :- There are so many Lewis acids and bases but they are not Arrhenius or Lowry acids or bases ]

Basic characteristic of salt

• Salts are the ionic compounds which are composed of acids and bases that cation and anion
• Salts are generally found in oceans and seas in the forms of crystals
• As they are composed of acids and bases so they are neutral in nature but the salt of strong acid or weak base is acidic in nature or vice versa
• Salts are also good conductor of electricity as they form ionic bond
• Generally, All salts are soluble in water.
• The PH of common Salt is 7

Example of salts

• NH4Cl :- Ammonium chloride
• CuSO4 :- Copper sulphate
• NaCl :- Sodium chloride