the molar mass is how many grams it takes to make a full mole. The number in carbon 12 tells us that it takes 12 g to makes a mole, so one half of that would be <u><em>option d, 0.5</em></u>.
This is more of a physics explanation, but here we go.
Mass is a measure of how much "matter" is in an object. Weight is the force applied onto an object by gravity. Weight itself can be related to mass like this:

where g is a gravitational constant. For our purposes, it's defined by whatever planet you are on. Following this, we can demonstrate that mass is NOT the same thing as weight if we take two objects of the same mass and put them on different planets.
Let E refer to Earth and F refer to Mars

Following this, we can see clearly that weight is not the same as mass:

If weight was the same thing as mass, the two values would be the same, as the mass of the two objects is the same. But since weight is defined in the context of gravity, they are not.
Magnesium. You can count the electrons in each level and because the number of electrons is the same with protons you have the atomic number based of which you can get the element in the periodic table
Yes it is for example look at Iodine and Tellurium.
Hope this helps :).
The purpose of an inclined plane is to reduce force.