The hydrocarbon is used in excess.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>:</h3>
The bromination of an arene is not simple as bromination of an alkane. This is because the carbocation or free radicle formation in benzene is a very energy consuming process. This is why a lewis base like aluminium bromide or ferric bromide is used. The ferric bromide takes in the bromine radicle and forms the brominium cation which helps in the formation of electrophile. Now this electrophile brominium cation attacks the benzene ring and forms a temporary sp3 hybrid carbon intermediate. Then the hydrogen is taken by the FeBr4- forming HBr and regenerating the FeBr3 as well as Aromaticity of the arene species at the same time. Here hydrocarbon is used in excess just to prevent the chances of multiple substitution in the same arene molecule.
Answer: It’s the first one
the prefix of the second word indicates that a molecule of carbon dioxide indicates that the compound contains two oxygen atoms
The names of these constitutional isomers are cyclopentane, methylcyclobutane, ethylcyclopropane, and 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane.
Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula. This means that they have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with a general formula of:
When we consider the possible structures, the first option is cyclopentane, the simplest five-membered ring. When we reduce the ring to four carbons, we have the methylcyclobutane and when we reduce it to three carbons, we can arrange the other two carbons in an ethyl group or we can put two methyl groups on a single carbon atom to get the final two constitutional isomers.
You can learn more about constitutional isomers here:
brainly.com/question/9972986
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