Question

5. A group decided to use 250.0 mL of vinegar and 24.0 grams of baking soda. What is the limiting

Answer 1

Hence,  If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is more than 7%, the limiting reactant is baking soda. If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is less than 7%, the limiting reactant is vinegar.

What is a limiting reactant?

The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed.

To solve this problem, it is necessary to know the exact concentration of acetic acid in vinegar, because manufacturers produce many types of vinegar the with different concentrations. Most often, concentration of acetic acid in vinegar ranges from 4% to 8%. In this case, it is possible

to calculate the concentration of vinegar making the assumption that 250 ml of vinegar reacts completely with 24 grams of baking soda.

Acetic acid $CH_3CO_2H$  reacts with baking soda $NaHCO_3$ according to the equation:

$CH_3CO_2H + NaHCO_3$ → $CH_3CO_2Na + CO_2 + H_2O$

1. Molar mass of $NaHCO_3$ is 23+1+12+16×3 = 84 g/mol

= $\frac{1 mol \;NaHCO_3}{84 g \;NaHCO_3}$

= $\frac{24 g \;NaHCO_3 X 1 mol \;NaHCO_3}{84 g \;NaHCO_3}$

=0.29 mol $NaHCO_3$

2. From the balanced equation we see that 1 mole of $NaHCO_3$ reacts with 1 mole of $CH_3CO_2H$ , then 0.29 moles of $NaHCO_3$ react with 0.29 moles of $CH_3CO_2H$.

3. Mass of 1 mole of $CH_3CO_2H$ is 12+ 1×3+12+16×2=60 g/mol

= $\frac{0.29 mol \;CH_3CO_2H X \;60 g \;CH_3CO_2H }{1 mol \;CH_3CO_2H}$

$=17.4 g CH_3CO_2H$

4. In this step density of vinegar is needed.

Making the assumption that concentration of acetic acid is 7%, we can calculate the mass of acetic acid in 250 ml of vinegar:

Mass of vinegar=Volume × density

= 250 ml ×1.0084 g/ml

=252 g

Mass of acetic acid = mass of vinegar × concentration ÷ 100%

= 252 g × 7% ÷ 100%

= 17.6 g.

17.6 g $CH_3CO_2H$ is very close to 17.4 g $CH_3CO_2H$. It means, that 250 ml of vinegar with a concentration of acetic acid equal to 7% reacts completely with 24 g of baking soda.

Hence,  If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is more than 7%, the limiting reactant is baking soda. If the concentration of Acetic acid in vinegar is less than 7%, the limiting reactant is vinegar.

Learn more about the limiting reactant here:

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