Question

Enzymes use several types of catalytic mechanisms. Differentiate between acid-base catalysis, covalent catalysis, and metal ion catalysis.

Answer 1

In catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalysed by an acid or a base.

Covalent catalysis involves the formation of a covalent bond.

Metal ions contribute to the catalytic process through their ability to attract or donate electrons.

What are enzymes?

An enzyme is a biological catalyst and is almost always a protein. It speeds up the rate of a specific chemical reaction in the cell.

In catalysis and base catalysis, a chemical reaction is catalysed by an acid or a base. by Bronsted - Lowry acid-base theory, the acid is the proton ( hydrogen ion, H+) donor and a base is the proton accentor typical reaction catalyzed by proton transfer are esterifications and aldol reactions .

Covalent catalysis involves the formation of a covalent bond between the enzyme and at least one of the substrates involved in the reaction. Often times this involves nucleophilic catalysis which is a subclass of covalent catalysis.

Metal ions are essential for the catalytic action of some enzymes. Metal ions contribute to the catalytic process through their ability to attract or donate electrons. Some metals bind the substrate by coordination links. Others contribute to maintaining the tertiary and quaternary structures of the enzyme molecule.

Learn more about the enzymes here:

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