Out with the old and in with the new—that's what the respiratory system does, delivering air to the lungs, bringing oxygen into the body, and expelling the carbon dioxide back into the air. Understanding the structure and intricacies of the respiratory system is vital to human anatomy. The respiratory system is made up of more than just the lungs; it also includes your nose, throat, larynx, windpipe, bronchi, alveolar ducts, and respiratory membrane.The function of the respiratory system is to deliver air to the lungs. Oxygen in the air diffuses out of the lungs and into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction, out of the blood and into the lungs. Respiration includes the following processes:
External respiration is the process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the body tissues. In order to accomplish this task, the following events occur:
1.Pulmonary ventilation is the process of breathing—inspiration (inhaling air) and expiration (exhaling air).
2. Gas transport, carried out by the cardiovascular system, is the process of distributing the oxygen throughout the body and collecting CO 2 and returning it to the lungs.
Internal respiration is the process of gas exchange between the blood, the interstitial fluids (fluids surrounding the cells), and the cells. Inside the cell, cellular respiration generates energy (ATP), using O 2 and glucose and producing waste CO 2.
Answer:
(A) - The volume of the blood plasma increases on overhydration and decreaes on dehydration.
(B) - Osmolality of blood increases with the dehydration and decreases with the overhydration.
Explanation:
If the levels of drinking water is increased, then the plasma becomes more dilute and the plasma volume increases because <u>the water will be reabsorbed more and which as a result reduces plasma concentration of the solutes and increases volume of plasma.</u>
Plasma osmolality measures electrolyte-water balance of the body. <u>As mentioned, above on overhydration, the plasma concentration of the solutes decraeses which also decreases osmolality. So, Osmolality of blood increases with the dehydration and decreases with the overhydration. </u>Increased osmolality in blood stimulate the secretion of antidiuretic hormone which results in the increased water reabsorption and therefore, more concentrated urine and hence blood plasma with less concentration.
Answer:
See the explanation below, please.
Explanation:
Azithromycin corresponds to a broad-spectrum antibiotic, more precisely of the macrolide type, to which erythromycin also belongs. This type of antibiotic is bacteriostatic; which act by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins by binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome.
It is used to fight infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sexually transmitted diseases, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, otitis media.
Y/O: Year old
H/O:History of
MM-Malignant Malinoma
CC-Chief complain
Erythroderma is redness of skin
BX:biopsy
pt. - Patient
F/O follow up
2)
a.RA :Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic autoimmune disease, affecting the joints
b)Arthralgia:Joint pains
Dyskinesia :Involuntary movements
c) DJD is degenerative joint disease /Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA){
Osteo means bone arthritis means inflammation of joint inflammation }is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity, aging, and heredity.
3.68 y/o Male
H/O:HT,DM,Condyloma,hyperlipidemia,COPD
C/C: Hematuria
Drug history : Metoprolol-100mg-bd
Diltiazem-120mg-qd
Hydrocodone-10/500mg p.r.n
Pravas-40mg-qAM
Lisinopril-20mg-hs
Hydroclorothiazide-25mg-p.o
Vitals : Temp-96.7
BP:108/57mmhg
Pulse:75 beats per minute
Weight :193.8 Pounds
Tests:
Creatine-2.38
BUN-42
Urine analysis -hematuria
CT:Left kidney atrophy,3.1cm adrenal nodule B/L retrograde poly grams
Bx :CA Bladder(Stage1)
F/U:complete transurethral resection of bladder tumour with chemotherapy to follow
Apologies for any mistakes
