Answer:
because the electron is a negatively charge and have high energy
Answer:
See explanation and images attached
Explanation:
a) In the mechanism for the acid catalysed esterification of propanoic acid using ethanol, we can see that the first step is the protonation of the acid followed by nucleophillic attack of the alcohol. Loss of water and consequent deprotonation regenerates the acid catalyst. We can see the fate of the 18O labelled ethanol in the mechanism shown.
b) In the second mechanism, an unnamed ester is hydrolysed using an acid catalyst. The attack of the acid and subsequent nucleophillic attack of water labelled with 18O leads to the incorporation of this 18O into the product acid as shown in the mechanism attached to this answer.
<span><span>N2</span><span>O3</span><span>(g)</span>→NO<span>(g)</span>+<span>NO2</span><span>(g)</span></span>
<span><span>[<span>N2</span><span>O3</span>]</span> Initial Rate</span>
<span>0.1 M r<span>(t)</span>=0.66</span> M/s
<span>0.2 M r<span>(t)</span>=1.32</span> M/s
<span>0.3 M r<span>(t)</span>=1.98</span> M/s
We can have the relationship:
<span>(<span><span>[<span>N2</span><span>O3</span>]/</span><span><span>[<span>N2</span><span>O3</span>]</span>0</span></span>)^m</span>=<span><span>r<span>(t)/</span></span><span><span>r0</span><span>(t)
However,
</span></span></span>([N2O3]/[N2O3]0) = 2
Also, we assume m=1 which is the order of the reaction.
Thus, the relationship is simplified to,
r(t)/r0(t) = 2
r<span>(t)</span>=k<span>[<span>N2</span><span>O3</span>]</span>
0.66 <span>M/s=k×0.1 M</span>
<span>k=6.6</span> <span>s<span>−<span>1</span></span></span>
A stock solution is the most concentrated
