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hichkok12 [17]
2 years ago
15

A glass optical fiber is used to transport a light ray across a long distance. The fiber has an index of refraction of 1.510 and

is submerged in water, which has an index of refraction of 1.333. What is the critical angle (in degrees) for the light ray to remain inside the fiber
Physics
2 answers:
d1i1m1o1n [39]2 years ago
8 0

The critical angle (in degrees) for the light ray to remain inside the fiber is 73.13°.

According to snell's law,

n1sinθi = n2sinθr

n1/n2 = sinθr/sinθi

The critical angle is the angle of incidence at the denser medium when the angle of incidence at the less dense medium is 90°.

This means i=C and r = 90°

The Snell's law formula will become

n1/n2 = sinC/sin90°

n2/n1 = 1/sinC

Where n1 is the refractive index of the less dense medium = 1.473

n2 is the refractive index of the denser medium = 1.540

Substituting the values in the formula,

1.540/1.473 = 1/sinC

1.045 = 1/sinC

SinC = 1/1.045

SinC = 0.957

C = sin^-1(0.957)

C = 73.13°

Learn more about critical angle here brainly.com/question/15009181

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Svetradugi [14.3K]2 years ago
5 0

The answer is 73.13°.

According to snell's law,

n1sinθi = n2sinθr

n1/n2 = sinθr/sinθi

The critical angle is the angle of incidence at the denser medium when the angle of incidence at the less dense medium is 90°

This means i=C and r = 90°

The Snell's law formula will become

n1/n2 = sinC/sin90°

n2/n1 = 1/sinC

Where n1 is the refractive index of the less dense medium = 1.473

n2 is the refractive index of the denser medium = 1.540

Substituting the values in the formula,

1.540/1.473 = 1/sinC

1.045 = 1/sinC

SinC = 1/1.045

SinC = 0.957

C = sin^-1(0.957)

C = 73.13°

The refractive index of glass is 1.5. It way that the velocity of mild in glass is 1.5 times slower than the rate of mild in a vacuum, the speed of light in glass isn't always unbiased of the shade of mild.

Refractive index is likewise the same as the velocity of light c of a given wavelength in an empty area divided with the aid of its speed v in a substance or n = c/v.

The index of refraction of fabric is a ratio that compares the velocity of light in a vacuum ( c=3.00x108ms ) to the velocity of mild in that precise medium. Because the index of refraction increases, the amount that the material bends the mild increases.

Learn more about the index of refraction here brainly.com/question/12469161

#SPJ4

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Explain how polarization of a cell increases the cell's internal resistance.<br>(2<br>2.​
Mandarinka [93]

Answer:

Explanation: The chemical action that occurs in the cell while the current is flowing causes hydrogen bubbles to form on the surface of the anode. This action is called POLARIZATION. Some hydrogen bubbles rise to the surface of the electrolyte and escape into the air, some remain on the surface of the anode. If enough bubbles remain around the anode, the bubbles form a barrier that increases internal resistance. When the internal resistance of the cell increases, the output current is decreased and the voltage of the cell also decreases.

   A cell that is heavily polarized has no useful output. There are several methods to prevent polarization or to depolarize the cell.

   One method uses a vent on the cell to permit the hydrogen to escape into the air. A disadvantage of this method is that hydrogen is not available to reform into the electrolyte during recharging. This problem is solved by adding water to the electrolyte, such as in an automobile battery. A second method is to use material that is rich in oxygen, such as manganese dioxide, which supplies free oxygen to combine with the hydrogen and form water.

   A third method is to use a material that will absorb the hydrogen, such as calcium. The calcium releases hydrogen during the charging process. All three methods remove enough hydrogen so that the cell is practically free from polarization.

LOCAL ACTION

   When the external circuit is removed, the current ceases to flow, and, theoretically, all chemical action within the cell stops. However, commercial zinc contains many impurities, such as iron, carbon, lead, and arsenic. These impurities form many small electrical cells within the zinc electrode in which current flows between the zinc and its impurities. Thus, the chemical action continues even though the cell itself is not connected to a load.

   Local action may be prevented by using pure zinc (which is not practical), by coating the zinc with mercury, or by adding a small percentage of mercury to the zinc during the manufacturing process. The treatment of the zinc with mercury is called amalgamating (mixing) the zinc. Since mercury is many times heavier than an equal volume of water, small particles of impurities weighing less than mercury will float to the surface of the mercury. The removal of these impurities from the zinc prevents local action. The mercury is not readily acted upon by the acid. When the cell is delivering current to a load, the mercury continues to act on the impurities in the zinc. This causes the impurities to leave the surface of the zinc electrode and float to the surface of the mercury. This process greatly increases the storage life of the cell.

6 0
3 years ago
I need an answer for this plzz!!<br>number 2 <br>anybody can help ??
Anuta_ua [19.1K]
2.1) (i) W = mg downwards
(ii) N = R = Normal Reaction from the ground upwards
(iii) Fe = Force of engine towards the right
(iv) f = friction towards the left
(v) ma = Constant acceleration towards right.
2.2.1)
v = 25 m/s
u = 0 m/s
∆v = v - u = (25 - 0) m/s = 25 m/s
x = X
∆t = 50 s
a \:  =  \:  \frac{dv}{dt}  \:  =  \:  \frac{25 \:  \frac{m}{s} }{50 \: s} \:  =  \: 0.5 \:  \frac{m}{ {s}^{2} }
a = 0.5 m/s².
2.2.2)
F = ma = 900 kg × 0.5 m/s² = 450 N.
2.2.3)
2ax \:  =  \:  {v}^{2}  \:  -  \:  {u}^{2}
x \:  =  \:  \frac{ {v}^{2}  \:   -  \:  {u}^{2} }{2a}  \:  =  \:   \frac{{(25 \:  \frac{m}{s})}^{2}  \:  -  \:  {(0 \:  \frac{m}{s} )}^{2} }{2 \:  \times  \: 0.5 \:  \frac{m}{ {s}^{2} } } \:  =  \: 625 \: m
2.3)
Fe = f + ma
Fe - f = ma
For velocity to be constant,
a should be 0, or, a = 0,
Fe = f = 270 N
2.4.1)
v = 0
u = 25 m/s
a = -0.5 m/s²
v = u + at
t = -u/a = -(25)/(-0.5) = 50 s.
2.4.2)
x = -625/(2×(-0.5)) = 625 m.
8 0
3 years ago
1. Define weight
andrezito [222]

1. Weight is the gravitational pull with which the earth attracts the body towards the center of the earth. The S.I unit is Newton (N)

2. The weight of an object is related to its mass with the below equation.

W = mg

Where W = weight, m = mass and g = acceleration due to gravity

3. The mass m = 50 kg and g = 9.8 m/s^{2}

Substitute the parameters in the equation above.

W = 50 x 9.8

W = 490 N

4. An object is accelerating when it speeds up. If the object slows down, it means it is decelerating. The correct answer is option A

5. Newton's second law of motion is:

F = ma

Where F = force applied, m = mass and a = acceleration

Therefore, Newton's second law of motion relates an object's acceleration to its net force acting on it. The correct answer is option C

6. According to Newton's second law of motion which relates an object's acceleration to its mass, doubling the net force acting on an object a doubles its acceleration. Because mass is always constant.

7. Since the weight of an object is related to its mass with the equation.

W = mg,  If the mass of an object doubles, its weight will also doubles. Option A is the correct answer.

8. If you know the mass of an object, you can calculate its weight with the formula F = mX when X = 9.8m/s^{2}

9. Force is expressed in unit as Newton (N)

10. The parameters given are :

mass m = 20kg

Force F = 40N

To calculate acceleration, use the formula F = ma

Substitute all the parameters into the equation.

40 = 20a

a = 40/20

a = 2m/s^{2}

The correct option is D

Learn more here : brainly.com/question/18835375

8 0
3 years ago
Select the correct answer. Eli and Andy want to find out which of the two is stronger. Eli pushes a table with a force of 120 ne
sergiy2304 [10]

Acceleration of the table: B. 0.50 meters/second2

Explanation:

The problem can be solved by using Newton's second law of motion, which states that the net force acting on an object is the product of its mass and its acceleration. Mathematically:

\sum F = ma

where

\sum F is the net force

m is the mass

a is the acceleration

For the table in this problem, we have:

\sum F = 125 N - 120 N = 5 N is the net force on the table, because there are two forces of 125 N and 120 N acting in opposite  directions

m = 10.0 kg is the mass of the table

Solving for a, we find the acceleration:

a=\frac{\sum F}{m}=\frac{5}{10.0}=0.50 m/s^2

Learn more about Newton's second law:

brainly.com/question/3820012

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7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 1.86
Inessa05 [86]

Answer:

t = 1.09 s.

Explanation:

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This quadratic equation can be solved using determinant.

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Of course, we will choose the positive time.

4 0
3 years ago
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