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uysha [10]
2 years ago
13

Determine the ground-state electron configuration for each of the following elements: A. chlorine ______________________________

________________________________________ B. cesium ______________________________________________________________________ C. vanadium______________________________________________________________________ D. rhenium______________________________________________________________________ 2. Predict the number of valence electrons present in each of the following atoms (include the outermost d- electrons): A. Sn ___________________________ B. La___________________________ C. Mn__________________________ D. Zn __________________________ 3. Determine the ground-state electron configuration for each of the following ions:
Chemistry
1 answer:
ki77a [65]2 years ago
8 0

In ground-state electron configuration, the<u> principal quantum number</u> (n), <u>the orbital</u> (s, p, d, or f), and the total number of <u>electrons</u> are used to represent electron configurations.

Case 1 Ground-state electron configuration of elements.

A) Chlorine: 1s²2s²2p^{6}3s²3p^{5}

B) Cesium: 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 6s¹

C) Vanadium: 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d³4s²

D) Rhenium: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶3d¹⁰ 4s²4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵ 6s²

Case 2 : Number of valence electron in atoms

A) Sn -Tin - Four valence electrons

B) La - Lanthanum - Three valence electrons

C) Mn - Manganese - Seven valence electrons

D) Zn- Zinc - Two valence electrons

Case 3 Ground-state electronic configuration of ions

A) Co⁺³ : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶4s¹3d⁵

B) Mo⁺² : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶3s²3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶5s² 4d²

C) Ra⁺² : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s² 5p⁶ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p⁶

D) I⁻ : 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶

Learn more about Quantum numbers here brainly.com/question/2292596

#SPJ4

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When a lead acid car battery is recharged by the alternator, it acts essentially as an electrolytic cell in which solid lead(II)
lesya692 [45]

Answer: The mass of lead deposited on the cathode of the battery is 1.523 g.

Explanation:

Given: Current = 62.0 A

Time = 23.0 sec

Formula used to calculate charge is as follows.

Q = I \times t

where,

Q = charge

I = current

t = time

Substitute the values into above formula as follows.

Q = I \times t\\= 62.0 A \times 23.0 sec\\= 1426 C

It is known that 1 mole of a substance tends to deposit a charge of 96500 C. Therefore, number of moles obtained by 1426 C of charge is as follows.

Moles = \frac{1426 C}{96500 C/mol}\\= 0.0147 mol

The oxidation state of Pb in PbSO_{4} is 2. So, moles deposited by Pb is as follows.

Moles of Pb = \frac{0.0147}{2}\\= 0.00735 mol

It is known that molar mass of lead (Pb) is 207.2 g/mol. Now, mass of lead is calculated as follows.

No. of moles = \frac{mass}{molar mass}\\ 0.00735 = \frac{mass}{207.2 g/mol}\\mass = 1.523 g

Thus, we can conclude that the mass of lead deposited on the cathode of the battery is 1.523 g.

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2 years ago
What was the history and use of the periodic table?
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<span>In 1669 German merchant and amateur alchemist Hennig Brand attempted to created a Philosopher’s Stone; an object that supposedly could turn metals into pure gold. He heated residues from boiled urine, and a liquid dropped out and burst into flames. This was the first discovery of phosphorus.

In 1680 Robert Boyle also discovered phosphorus, and it became public.

In 1809 at least 47 elements were discovered, and scientists began to see patterns in the characteristics.

In 1863 English chemist John Newlands divided the then discovered 56 elements into 11 groups, based on characteristics.

In 1869 Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev started the development of the periodic table, arranging chemical elements by atomic mass. He predicted the discovery of other elements, and left spaces open in his periodic table for them.

In 1886 French physicist Antoine Bequerel first discovered radioactivity. Thomson student from New Zealand Ernest Rutherford named three types of radiation; alpha, beta and gamma rays. Marie and Pierre Curie started working on the radiation of uranium and thorium, and subsequently discovered radium and polonium. They discovered that beta particles were negatively charged.

In 1894 Sir William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh discovered the noble gases, which were added to the periodic table as group 0.In 1897 English physicist J. J. Thomson first discovered electrons; small negatively charged particles in an atom. John Townsend and Robert Millikan determined their exact charge and mass.

In 1900 Bequerel discovered that electrons and beta particles as identified by the Curies are the same thing.

In 1903 Rutherford announced that radioactivity is caused by the breakdown of atoms.

In 1911 Rutherford and German physicist Hans Geiger discovered that electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom.

In 1913 Bohr discovered that electrons move around a nucleus in discrete energy called orbitals. Radiation is emitted during movement from one orbital to another.

In 1914 Rutherford first identified protons in the atomic nucleus. He also transmutated a nitrogen atom into an oxygen atom for the first time. English physicist Henry Moseley provided atomic numbers, based on the number of electrons in an atom, rather than based on atomic mass.

In 1932 James Chadwick first discovered neutrons, and isotopes were identified. This was the complete basis for the periodic table. In that same year Englishman Cockroft and the Irishman Walton first split an atom by bombarding lithium in a particle accelerator, changing it to two helium nuclei.

In 1945 Glenn Seaborg identified lanthanides and actinides (atomic number >92), which are usually placed below the periodic table.</span>
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