By law of refraction we know that image position and object positions are related to each other by following relation

here we know that



now by above formula


so apparent depth of the bottom is seen by the observer as h = 3.39 cm
Answer:
Distance traveled will be 5.6307 m
Explanation:
Time t = 3 sec
We have given force F = 25 N
We know that force is given by F = ma
So ma = 25 -----------eqn 1
Weight is given by W = 196 N
We know that weight is given by W = mg
So mg = 196 -----------------eqn 2
From equation 1 and equation 2 

Initial velocity is given as 0 so u = 0 m/sec
From second equation of motion 
It creates a white crystal salt MgF2
The three phases of matter differ in properties just because of the proximity of their molecules. The solid phase is the most organized of all. Its atoms are compactly arranged together and has the strongest intermolecular forces to keep them together. This is why they have a definite shape and volume. The liquid phase have molecules that are far away from each other, but not as far as that of the gas phase. The liquid and gas phases can be lumped into one group called fluids because they have the same property - they take the shape and volume of their container.
To make an analogy, see the attached picture for your reference.