According to x-ray observations, the space between galaxies in a galaxy cluster is?
1 answer:
According to x-ray observations, the space between galaxies in a galaxy cluster is very hot. It is because the matter between galaxies (often called the intergalactic medium) is mostly hot, ionized hydrogen with bits of heavier elements such as carbon, oxygen and silicon thrown in.
Massive structures are collapsing than at earlier times. Large collapsing structures lead to higher velocity intergalactic shocks and, as a result, significant intergalactic shock heating, with some gas heated well above the K temperatures.
Heating also occurs as galaxies expel out most of the gas that fell into them. The final product is a warm/hot phase, with temperatures of > K.
Now, Let's know how do you use X-rays to make space observations?
X-radiation is absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so instruments to detect X-rays must be taken to high altitude by balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites.
To learn more about Galaxy Cluster, here
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Answer:
Resistivity
It depends upon cross sectional area and length of material
Explanation:
The resistance of any material is given by , here
is the resistivity of material , l is length of material and A is cross sectional area
So resistivity
So resistuivity of any material depends upon area of cross section and length of material
If cross sectional area will be more then resistivity will be more. And is length of the material will be more then resistivity will be less
Missing figure and missing details can be found here:
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Solution:
(a) The work done by the spring is given by
where k is the elastic constant of the spring and
is the stretch between the initial and final position. Since x1=-8 in=-0.203 m and x2=5 in=0.127 m, we have
(b) The work done by the weight is the product of the component of the weight parallel to the inclined plane and the displacement of the cart:
where the negative sign is given by the fact that
points in the opposite direction of the displacement of the cart, and where
therefore, the work done by the weight is
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Solution:
(a) The work done by the spring is given by
where k is the elastic constant of the spring and
(b) The work done by the weight is the product of the component of the weight parallel to the inclined plane and the displacement of the cart:
where the negative sign is given by the fact that
therefore, the work done by the weight is
<h2>Answer: 0.17</h2>
Explanation:
The Stefan-Boltzmann law establishes that a black body (an ideal body that absorbs or emits all the radiation that incides on it) "emits thermal radiation with a total hemispheric emissive power proportional to the fourth power of its temperature":
(1)
Where:
is the energy radiated by a blackbody radiator per second, per unit area (in Watts). Knowing
is the Stefan-Boltzmann's constant.
is the Surface area of the body
is the effective temperature of the body (its surface absolute temperature) in Kelvin.
However, there is no ideal black body (ideal radiator) although the radiation of stars like our Sun is quite close. So, in the case of this body, we will use the Stefan-Boltzmann law for real radiator bodies:
(2)
Where is the body's emissivity
(the value we want to find)
Isolating from (2):
(3)
Solving:
(4)
Finally:
(5) This is the body's emissivity