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2 years ago

What is responsible for the differences in chemical shift observed in carbon 4 in 4-fluoroheptane and carbon 4 in heptane?

1 answer:

4 0

The chemical shift of a given proton is decided specifically with the aid of interactions with the nearby electrons. The most necessary thing to recognize is that when electrons are subjected to an external magnetic field, they structure their own small prompted magnetic fields in opposition to the exterior field.

Consider the methane molecule ( CH4 ) in which the four equal protons have a chemical shift of 0.23 ppm (this is a price we can look up in any chemistry reference source). The valence electrons around the methyl carbon, when subjected to B0, generate their own very small triggered magnetic area that opposes B0 . This induced field, to a small however full-size degree, shields the close by protons from experiencing the full force of B0 , an impact regarded as local diamagnetic shielding. In different words, the methane protons do now not quite journey the full force of B0 - what they journey is known as Beff , or the high-quality field, which is slightly weaker than B0 due to the have an effect on of the close by electrons.

In nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the chemical shift is the resonant frequency of an atomic nucleus relative to a preferred in a magnetic field. Often the position and range of chemical shifts are diagnostic of the shape of a molecule.

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Determine the oxidation states of the elements in the compounds listed. None of the oxygen-containing compounds are peroxides or

Ahat [919]

Answer :

Oxidation number or oxidation state : It represent the number of electrons lost or gained by the atoms of an element in a compound.

Oxidation numbers are generally written with the sign (+) and (-) first and then the magnitude.

Rules for Oxidation Numbers are :

The oxidation number of a free element is always zero.
The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the charge of the ion.
The oxidation number of Hydrogen (H) is +1, but it is -1 in when combined with less electronegative elements.
The oxidation number of oxygen (O) in compounds is usually -2.
The oxidation number of a Group 17 element in a binary compound is -1.
The sum of the oxidation numbers of all of the atoms in a neutral compound is zero.
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion.

Now we have to determine the oxidation state of the elements in the compound.

(a) $H_2SO_4$

Let the oxidation state of 'S' be, 'x'

$2(+1)+x+4(-2)=0\\\\x=+6$

Hence, the oxidation state of 'S' is, (+6)

(b) $Ca(OH)_2$

Let the oxidation state of 'Ca' be, 'x'

$x+2(-2+1)=0\\\\x=+2$

Hence, the oxidation state of 'Ca' is, (+2)

(c) $BrOH$

Let the oxidation state of 'Br' be, 'x'

$x+(-2)+1=0\\\\x=+1$

Hence, the oxidation state of 'Br' is, (+1)

(d) $ClNO_2$

Let the oxidation state of 'N' be, 'x'

$-1+x+2(-2)=0\\\\x=+5$

Hence, the oxidation state of 'N' is, (+5)

(e) $TiCl_4$

Let the oxidation state of 'Ti' be, 'x'

$x+4(-1)=0\\\\x=+4$

Hence, the oxidation state of 'Ti' is, (+4)

(f) $NaH$

Let the oxidation state of 'Na' be, 'x'

$x+(-1)=0\\\\x=+1$

Hence, the oxidation state of 'Na' is, (+1)

4 0

3 years ago

A saturated solution containing sugar and carbon dioxide at 1 atm is pressurized into a 2.00 atm container. Describe what happen

alex41 [277]

<span>As the pressure is increased the solubility of the sugar and carbon dioxide is increased. The pressure of combination leaves little to no separation. There would be no discernable difference between the ingredients used to make the saturated solution.</span>

6 0

3 years ago

What is an atom called if the number of electrons is changed

Alexeev081 [22]

Answer:

it is called a substance

3 0

4 years ago

As you move from left to right across the periodic table elements ?

Sidana [21]

Explanation:

Quite a number of properties varies across a period. Some remains constant whereas others decreases.

As one moves from left to right;

The energy level remains the same.
The ionization energy increases progressively as a result of increasing nuclear charge.
Electron affinity increases from left to right.
Electronegativity increases.
Electropositivity decreases.

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6 0

3 years ago

Calcium has a cubic closest packed structure (fcc) as a solid. Assuming that calcium has an atomic radius of 197 pm, calculate t

Paha777 [63]

Answer:

$1.536 g/cm^3$ is the density of solid calcium.