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1 year ago

Why must every redox reaction involve an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent?

1 answer:

4 0

A reduced element (which gains electrons) and an oxidized element are required for redox reactions (gives electrons). It is not a redox reaction if we lack both of them (an element can not receive electrons if no element gives electrons and vice versa).

A reduced half and an oxidized half, which always occur together, make up redox processes. While the oxidized half experiences electron loss and an increase in oxidation number, the reduced half obtains electrons and the oxidation number declines. The mnemonic devices OIL RIG, which stand for "oxidation is loss" and "reduction is gain," are simple ways to memorize this. In a redox process, the total number of electrons stays constant. In the reduction half reaction, another species absorbs those that were released in the oxidation half reaction.

In a redox reaction, two species exchange electrons, and they are given unique names:

The ion or molecule that accepts electrons is called the oxidizing agent - by accepting electrons it oxidizes other species.
The ion or molecule that donates electrons is called the reducing agent - by giving electrons it reduces the other species.

Hence, what is oxidized is the reducing agent and what is reduced is the oxidizing agent.

<h3>What is the purpose of oxidizing agents and reducing agents?</h3>

By reducing other compounds and shedding electrons, a reducing agent raises its oxidation state. An oxidizing agent gets electrons by oxidizing other compounds; as a result, its oxidation state lowers.

<h3>What is a redox reaction?</h3>

Oxidation-reduction (or "redox") reactions are chemical processes in which electrons are exchanged between two substances. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical process in which a molecule, atom, or ion alters the number of electrons it has, hence increasing or decreasing its oxidation state.

Learn more about redox reaction: brainly.com/question/13293425

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Two solutions are combined in a beaker. One solution contains 500.0 g of potassium phosphate and the other contains 500.0 g of c

Anna [14]

The question is incomplete. The complete question is

Two solutions are combined in a beaker. One solution contains 500.0 g of potassium phosphate and the other contains 500.0 g of calcium nitrate. A double displacement reaction occurs. What mass of each of the following substances is present when the reaction stops. A) potassium phosphate remaining B) calcium nitrate g remaining C) calcium phosphate formed D) potassium nitrate g formed

Answer:

a)84.91g

b)8.20g

c)316.4g

d)616.73g

Explanation:

The equation of the reaction:

2K3PO4(aq) + 3Ca(NO3)2 (aq)-------> 6KNO3(aq) + Ca3(PO4)2(s)

Molar mass of potassium phosphate= 212.27 g/mol

Amount of potassium phosphate= 500/212.27= 2.4 moles

Molar mass of calcium nitrate= 164.088 g/mol

Amount of calcium nitrate= 500/164.088=3.05moles

a) amount of potassium phosphate reacted according to reaction equation= 2 moles

Amount of potassium phosphate remaining= 2.4-2=0.4 moles

Mass of potassium phosphate remaining= 0.4×212.27=84.91g

b) Amount of calcium nitrate reacted according to reaction equation=3

Amount of calcium nitrate remaining=3.05-3= 0.05

Mass of calcium nitrate remaining= 0.05×164.088= 8.20g

c) since calcium nitrate is the limiting reactant, we use to estimate the mass of products formed.

From the reaction equation,

3 moles of calcium nitrate yields 1 mole of calcium phosphate

3.05 moles of calcium nitrate yields 3.05/3 = 1.02 moles of calcium phosphate

Molar Mass of calcium phosphate= 310.18 g/mol

Mass of calcium phosphate produced= 1.02×310.18= 316.4g

3 moles of calcium nitrate yields 6 moles of potassium nitrate

3.05 moles of calcium nitrate yields 3.05×6/3= 6.1 moles of potassium nitrate

Molar mass of potassium nitrate = 101.1032 g/mol

Mass of potassium nitrate formed= 6.1× 101.1032= 616.73g

6 0

3 years ago

When 21.45 g of KNO3 was dissolved in water in a calorimeter, the temperature fell from 25.00°C to 14.14 °C. If the heat capacit

pashok25 [27]

25.9 kJ/mol. (3 sig. fig. as in the heat capacity.)

<h3>Explanation</h3>

The process:

$\text{KNO}_3\;(s) \to \text{KNO}_3\;(aq)$ .

How many moles of this process?

Relative atomic mass from a modern periodic table:

K: 39.098;
N: 14.007;
O: 15.999.

Molar mass of $\text{KNO}_3$ :

$M(\text{KNO}_3) = 39.098 + 14.007 + 3\times 15.999 = 101.102\;\text{g}\cdot\text{mol}^{-1}$ .

Number of moles of the process = Number of moles of $\text{KNO}_3$ dissolved:

$\displaystyle n = \frac{m}{M} = \frac{21.45}{101.102} = 0.212162\;\text{mol}$ .

What's the enthalpy change of this process?

$Q = C\cdot \Delta T = 0.505 \times (25.00 - 14.14) = 5.4843\;\text{kJ}$ for $0.212162\;\text{mol}$ . By convention, the enthalpy change $\Delta H$ measures the energy change for each mole of a process.

$\displaystyle \Delta H = \frac{Q}{n} = \frac{5.4843\text{kJ}}{0.212162\;\text{mol}} = 25.8\;\text{kJ}\cdot\text{mol}^{-1}$ .

The heat capacity is the least accurate number in these calculation. It comes with three significant figures. As a result, round the final result to three significant figures. However, make sure you keep at least one additional figure to minimize the risk of rounding errors during the calculation.

4 0

3 years ago

Explain why, when the imidazole ring of histidine is protonated, the double-bonded nitrogen is the nitrogen that accepts the pro

eduard

The important thing to note is the reason why electron react is due to the instability of the electrons. All elements wants to aim the electron configuration of the noble gases. This is the most stable form in which each of the orbitals are sufficiently filled. When it comes to bonding, the order of reactivity is: alkynes > alkenes > alkanes. Alkynes are compounds with triple bonds, alkenes with double bonds and alkanes with single bonds. The single bonds are called saturated hydrocarbons. This is because they have reached stability, so it is quite difficult to react this with reducing or oxidizing agents. Alkynes and alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. They readily react with reducing and oxidizing agents so as to become saturated, as well. The underlying principle for this is that single bonds contain sigma bonds which is the head-on overlapping of electrons. These is the strongest type of covalent bond. Double and triple bonds contain pi bonds which is the side overlapping of electrons orbitals. Hence, these electrons would be easily separated making it more reactive especially during protonation.

4 0

2 years ago

A sequence of thermonuclear fusion processes inside massive stars can continue to transform the nuclei of elements such as carbo

nlexa [21]

Answer:

Iron is the element that is produced at the limit of the reaction.

Explanation:

In nuclear fusion 2 lighter nuclei are combined together into a single nucleus releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the process.

Up to fusion of iron the reaction of fusion is exothermic but when iron atom pops out the reaction becomes endothermic and it requires very high amount of energy to fuse iron atoms which is not available thus marking an end to the fusion reaction.

5 0

2 years ago

Open the Balancing Chemical Equations interactive and select Introduction mode. Then choose Separate Water. Adjust the coefficie

aleksklad [387]

Explanation:

1. Water decomposition

Decomposition reactions are represented by-

The general equation: AB → A + B.

Various methods used in the decomposition of water are -

Electrolysis
Photoelectrochemical water splitting
Thermal decomposition of water
Photocatalytic water splitting

Water decomposition is the chemical reaction in which water is broken down giving oxygen and hydrogen.

The chemical equation will be -

$H_2O + H_2 + O_2$

Hence, balancing the equation we need to add a coefficient of 2 in front of $H_2O$ on right-hand-side of the equation and 2 in front of $H_2$ on left-hand-side of the equation.