One molecule of nabh4 will reduce only two molecules of m-acetylbenzaldehyde to form the corresponding product because there are only two functional groups that can react with NaBH4, namely the ketone and the aldehyde, but NaBH4 had four H present to protonate the molecule.
What is protonation?
An atom, molecule, or ion can be protonated by adding a proton to it. The difference between protonation and hydrogenation is that during protonation, the protonated species' charge changes, whereas it remains unchanged during hydrogenation. Numerous catalytic processes result in protonation.
A conjugate acid is created when a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H+), is added to an atom, molecule, or ion. Deprotonation is the analogous process that occurs when a proton is taken out of a Bronsted-Lowry acid.
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