The heat that is required to raise the temperature of an object is calculated through the equation,
heat = mass x specific heat x (T2 - T1)
Specific heat is therefore calculated through the equation below,
specific heat = heat / (mass x (T2 - T1))
Substituting,
specific heat = 645 J / ((28.4 g)(15.5 - - 11.6))
The value of specific heat from above equation is 0.838 J/g°C.
A water molecule, because of its shape, is a polar molecule.
I have a helpful trick for such problems.
Step 1:
Write the equation asked with exact moles given in question,
PCl₃ + Cl₂ → PCl₅ --------(1)
Step 2:
Write equations given in data along with energies,
P₄ + 6Cl₂ → 4PCl₃ Δ<span>H = −1280 kj -----(2)
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P₄ + 10Cl₂ → 4PCl₅ ΔH<span> = −1774 kj -----(3)
Step 3:
Compare the equation 1 with eq 2 and 3 and modify eq 2 and 3 according to eq 1 both in terms of reactant and product and number of moles. For example in eq 1 PCl</span>₃ is on left hand side and its number of moles is one, so, modify eq, 2 according to eq 1 both in terms of moles and reactant product sides. i.e.
By inter converting eq 2, the sign of energy will change from negative to positive, and divide eq 2 with 4, to have its ratio's equal to eq 1
PCl₃ → 1/4 P₄ + 1.5 Cl₂ ΔH = +320 KJ
Same steps are done for eq 3, but in this case signs are not changed only moles are changed
1/4P₄ + 2.5Cl₂ → 1/4PCl₅ ΔH = −443.5 kj
Now,
Compare both last equations,
PCl₃ → 1/4 P₄ + 1.5 Cl₂ ΔH = +320 KJ
1/4P₄ + 2.5Cl₂ → 4/4PCl₅ ΔH = −443.5 kj
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PCl₃ + Cl₂ → PCl₅ ΔH = -123.5 KJ
Molar mass of C8H10N2O4 (Mimosine) is 198.18 g/mol