Question

silicon, tin, and lead are all in the same group. the density of tin is about 7.28 g/cm3 and the density of lead is about 11.34 g/cm3. based on this group trend, what do you estimate the density of silicon to be?

Answer 1

The atom's radius and mass increase from top to bottom. The density of elements from top to bottom also increases in a periodic table.

Density of Sn= Mass of Sn/Volume of Sn

                     =24.3968/7.28

                     =3.49 g/ml*ml/cm³

                     =3.49 g/cm³

It is accurate to assume that the density of Sn will fall between that of Si and lead .  the mass number and radius of the atoms increase from group to group as we move from top to bottom in a periodic table.. The density rises because the increase in mass number is greater than the increase in radius. Simply multiplying by the molar mass of the gas  allows one to derive the formula for mass density from the formula for number density. Do not forget that the mass is equal to the moles (n) times the molar mass (M).  Smaller masses can be measured in grams instead of kilograms (kg), which is the standard SI unit for mass.

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