Three quantities/variables are needed in order to calculate the amount of heat given off or absorbed during a chemical reaction are the substance, the process and the amount of substance.
When a substance in the same state absorbs heat, its temperature increases.
The amount of heat absorbed is proportional to the amount of the substance and the increase in temperature.
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of substance by 1°C is called the specific heat of that substance.
The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g°C.
The amount of heat, q, absorbed by a given mass (m) of substance with specific heat, s, when its temperature increases by ΔT is given by the following formula: q = m × s × ΔT.
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