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Alla [95]
1 year ago
14

The km of an enzyme is 5. 0 mm. Calculate the substrate concentration when this enzyme operates at one‑quarter of its maximum ra

te.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Makovka662 [10]1 year ago
3 0

The substrate concentration of the enzyme operating at one‑quarter of its maximum rate is = 0.333.

Relationship between Km and substrate concentration is -

Km is the concentration of substrate.It allows the enzyme to achieve half Vmax. High Km enzyme requires a higher concentration of substrate to get Vmax. Since, Km is a constant. If the substrate concentration is increased, it has no effect on it.

An enzyme with a high Km has a low affinity for its substrate. The substrate concentration Km corresponds to the substrate concentration.

The substrate concentration at which the reaction rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is half of the maximum reaction rate Vmax.

The equation is:

                <em>V₀ = </em><u><em>Vmax [S] </em></u>

<em>                          [S] + Km</em>

Here,

V₀ is initial rate,

Km is the dissociation constant between the substrate and the enzyme,

Vmax is the maximum rate, and

S is the concentration of substrate.

taking fraction of V₀ and Vmax :

<u><em>    V₀    </em></u><em> = </em><u><em>     [S</em></u><em>]</em><u><em>     </em></u><em>  </em>

<em>Vmax      [S] + Km</em>

<u><em>   </em></u><u>V₀   </u> =   <u>   0.5Km   </u>  = 0.333

Vmax       1.50 + Km

Therefore, the substrate concentration of this enzyme operating at one‑quarter of its maximum rate is = 0.333.

To learn more about substrate concentration,

brainly.com/question/18237939

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A curve of temperature vs. time for the entire heating process.

The sample is heated up to 100.°C, therefore, the heat and time required to heat the sample to its boiling point, the heat and time required to boil the sample, and the heat and time required to heat the sample from its boiling point to 100.°C are needs to be calculated.

i ) Calculating the heat and time required to heat the sample to its boiling point:

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The heat required up to melting the sample is calculated in the previous parts. Therefore, the heat required to heat the sample from -20°C to 85°C can be calculated as,

Therefore, T f = 85°C  and T i = - 20°C

Plug in the values in the specific heat formula to calculate the heat energy required to heat the sample to its melting point,

q3 = 25 g ×  2.5 J/g °C × [85 - (-20)]°C

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The total heat energy required for heating the sample from initial temperature to boiling point is:-

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ii) Calculating the heat and time required to boil the sample:

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The boiling is the phase change from liquid to gas at 85°C, therefore, the heat required to boil the sample can be determined

q4= m × ∆Hvap

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Thus, total heat required to this phase change is q1 + q2 + q3 + q4  = 500 J + 4500 J +6562.5  J + 12500 J = 24062.5 J

The Rate of heating = 450 J / min

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24062.5J ×  1min / 450 J = 53.47 min

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The heat required to boil the sample is calculated in the previous parts. Therefore, the heat required to heat the sample from 85°C to 100°C can be calculated as,

Therefore, T f = 100.°C  and T i = 85°C

q5 = 25 g ×  0.5 J / g °C × [100 - 85] °C

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The total heat energy required for heating the sample from initial temperature to 100°C is

q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 = 500 J + 4500 J + 2625J + 12500 J + 187.5 J

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Thus, heating the sample to 100.°C takes a total of 53.89 min.

iv) Draw a curve of temperature vs. time for the entire heating process:-

Temperature °C     Temperature K     Heat energy (J)     Time (min)

 -40 °C                       233                             0                     0

-20 °C                          253                          500                  1.11    

Melting -20 °C             253                        5000                   11.11

85 °C                         358                         11562.5              25.69

Boiling 85 °C             358                           24062.5          53.475              

100  °C                       373                             24250          53.89

Hence, the graph for the result is in the image.

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