The total amount of mass in the Sun is 2.0 x 10^30 kg, 5% of whig is hydrogen, and 13% of which becomes available for fusion. Thus, the total mass of hydrogen available for fusion over the Sun's lifetime is simply 13% of 75% of the total mass of the Sun or:
2.0 x 10^30 kg x .75 x .13
=<u> 1.95 x 10^29 kg</u>
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Nuclear fusion occurs only in the core of the sun where temperature pressure and density are highest. The photosphere can be seen with visible light telescopes, the chromosphere with ultraviolet telescopes, and the corona most easily with X-ray telescopes.
The Sun is a typical star and also the closest star to the Earth. It is composed of 73% hydrogen, 25% helium, and 2% other elements. Since the gravitational pull of the sun on the earth is the centripetal force that causes the earth to move in a circular motion around the sun, we can use Newton's law of universal gravitation to find the mass of the sun without visiting it.
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