Answer: Ultramares corporation v. Touche established Ultramares doctrine. Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that scienter is required before CPAs can be held liable.
Explanation:
All the options except the above are true. Ultramares corporation v. Touche did establish the Ultramares doctrine.
United States v. Natelli sentenced two CPAs to prison for a year, in addition to fines, for violating the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Bily v. Arthur Young did not uphold the restatement doctrine. The restatement doctrine restatement doctrine makes an auditor liable to people who rely on the quality of his work be they his clients or third parties. Two high courts ruled that auditors are not liable to third parties who use their work but only to the party that contracted their work.
However, Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that an allegation of scienter (an intention to deceive) is not required before CPAs can be held liable as long as the actions constitute actual deception.
While rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act states the presence of scienter as a requirement to commit an offense, the court ruled against the statute by eliminating the Scienter clause from criminal statute and ruled against Ernst & Ernst.
Answer:
Normative social influence
Explanation:
The Milgram Experiment was an experiment on the obedience to authority figures. It comprises of a lot of social psychology experiments. The scientisy was a Yale University Psychologist called Stanley Milgram. The goal of the experiment was to measure the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure who give instructions to them to perform acts conflicting with their personal conscience.
Milgram shared what two theories which are;
1. Theory of conformism
2. Agentic state theory
Normative social influence os simply defined as the act of conforming because we want to be liked and want to fit into a group. Its examples includes Friendship group type things, smoking/drug taking, types of music and dress sense etc.
A type of rock that forms directly from precipitates of hot water is called a <u>hydrothermal</u> rock
What is a hydrothermal rock?
- Hydrothermal essentially means “hot water.”
- Hydrothermal rocks are those rocks whose minerals crystallized from hot water or whose minerals have been altered by hot water passing through them.
- Thus, these rocks are distinct from metamorphic rocks, which are created by solid‐state mineral transformations.
- In fact, many hydrothermal rocks (such as those that form from hot springs and geysers or crystallize as veins in cracks in other rocks) actually build up in layers, much as sedimentary rocks do.
- Veins result when hot water moves through cracks in the bedrock of the crust.
- Various minerals are precipitated on the sides of the crack as the temperatures decrease.
- The shape and orientation of the minerals depends on the temperature, pressure, and rate of flow.
- When all the available space in the crack has been filled with mineral deposits, the crack is sealed and the vein is complete.
To know more about hydrothermal rocks, refer:
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