Intermolecular hydrogen force must be overcome to convert liquid NH3 to NH3 vapour.
Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase.
There are the 3 forces that exist between the 2 molecules of NH3
1. Dispersion force: these forces exist between any 2 molecules regardless of anything else.
2. Hydrogen bonding: H is directly bonded to the extremely electronegative atom N, O and F, hence is nearly stripped off electron due to the large electronegativity difference. Hydrogen being small atom further reduces in size even allowing it to approach other molecules very closely. Here, N, O, and F gathers more partial negative charge.
Due to the closure approach between the molecule and strong partial charge, hydrogen bonding is generally more important than dipole bond.
3. dipole dipole interaction: NH3 is a polar molecule with a permanent separation of charge. Each molecules behaves like a tiny magnet and has positive and negative poles so 2 NH3 molecules attract each other. Dipole dipole interactions are stronger than dispersion force in the small molecules.
Thus we concluded that the hydrogen bond should overcome to convert NH3 to vapours.
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